Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/250

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Suab. and Alem. Märkt; the variant with a points to the Fr. a. Comp. in Rom., Ital. mercato, Fr. marché (whence MidE. and E. market).

Marmel, m., from the equiv. MidHG. marmel, OHG. marmul, m., ‘marble’; from the Lat. word by differentiating r-r to r-l.

Marsch, f., ‘marsh, moor,’ ModHG. only, a LG. word. LG. marsch, MidDu. maersche, ‘pasture ground,’ AS. męrsc, m., and the equiv. E. marsh, Dan. marsk, ‘bog.’ Goth. *marisks may be assumed as a derivative of Goth. marei, ‘ocean’ (see Meer); similarly ModHG. Au is a derivative of Goth. ahwa, ‘water.’ Comp. MidLat. mariscus, ‘marsh,’ and some of the Rom. words connected with it, such as OFr. maresc, ModFr. marais, Ital. marese, which may, however, be partly derivatives of Lat. mare.

Marschall, m., ‘marshal,’ derived, partly under the influence of Fr. maréchal, from MidHG. marschale, m., which lit. and orig. signified ‘horse-servant,’ then ‘overseer of the train of servants on journeys and expeditions, as a municipal or court official; marshal.’ OHG. marahscalc is a compound of Schalk, ‘servant,’ and marah, ‘horse’; even the Lex Salica and the Leg. Alem. record the term mariscalus, besides which, in MidLat. marscallus occurs. From Teut. are derived the Rom. cognates — Ital. mariscalco, Fr. maréchal, ‘farrier, marshal,’ as well as the MidLat. version, comes stabuli, Fr. connétable. OHG. marah, n., MidHG. marc, n., ‘steed, horse,’ AS. mearh, Scand. marr, n..; Goth. *marh is wanting. It originated, in exact accordance with the permutation of consonants, from pre-Teut. marka-, in which form it is recorded as OKelt. by Pausanias; comp. with this OIr. marc and W. march, ‘horse.’ There is, however, no linguistic necessity for deriving Teut. marha- from Kelt. The word marh, the fem. of which, Mähre, has been preserved, was supplanted at a later period by Roß and then Pferd. To this word Marstall is akin.

Marstall, m., ‘royal or public stable,’ from MidHG. marstal (gen. -stalles), m., ‘stable for horses.’ For the orig. marhetal, like MidHG. marschalc, for marh-schalc, see Stall; and with regard to marh-, comp. the preceding word.

Marter, f., ‘torture, rack,’ from MidHG. marter, martere, f., orig. ‘martyrdom,’ espec. ‘the Passion,’ then ‘torture, tor-

ment, persecution, rack,’ OHG. martira, martara, f. (also with l, OHG. martela, MidHG. martel); formed from Gr. and Lat. martyrium. The derivative Märtyrer is from MidHG. męrterer, marterer, OHG. martirâri, ‘martyr,’ for which the forms martir, martyr, equiv. to Lat.-Gr. martyr, ‘martyr for the truth of Christianity,’ rarely occur. The Eccles. Lat. meaning ‘torture,’ which is foreign to Gr., is found also in the Rom. cognates of martyrium. Comp. Ital. martirio, Fr. martyre.

März, m., from the equiv. MidHG. męrze, m., OHG. męrzo, marzeo, m., ‘March,’ from Lat. (mensem) Martium. The corresponding Westphal. märte, MidLG. męrte, as well as Du. maart, make it probable that März was borrowed previous to the OHG. permutation of consonants about the era of the Merovings, and in fact contemporaneously with August, Jänner, and Mai. E. March, Mid. marche, was borrowed at a some what later period from OIr. march (ModFr. mars).

Masche, f., ‘mesh, stitch,’ from MidHG. mā̆sche, OHG. and OLG. mā̆sca, f., ‘mesh, snare’; comp. AS. mœ̂sce, E. mesh, OIc. mǫskve, m.; Goth. *mêsqa, *masqa, are by chance not recorded. According to the permutation of consonants, the latter is based on pre-Teut. mêzga- (mosga-); comp. Lith. mázgas, ‘threads interlaced, knot,’ which is connected with a vb. mezgù (mègsti), ‘to tie knots, knit (nets).’ Thus Masche may be traced to a Teut. root mêsg (pre-Teut. and Aryan mē̆zg), ‘to plait.’

Maser, f., ‘vein (in wood), speck, spot,’ from MidHG. maser, m., OHG. masar, n., ‘vein, knotty excrescence on the maple and other trees’ (MidHG. also ‘goblet of speckled wood’); comp. AS. maser, ‘knot in wood,’ E. measles; OIc. mǫsurr, m., ‘maple’ (mǫsur-bolle, ‘maple bowl’). Allied to OHG. masa, f., ‘wound, scar.’ The Teut. class is the source of Rom. derivatives. Comp. Fr. madré, ‘speckled,’ MidLat. scyphi maserini, ‘drinking vessels.’

Maske, f., ‘mask, disguise, masquerader,’ from Fr. masque; the equiv. Suab. and Bav. maskere is more closely connected with Ital. maschera as well as Span. mascara, ‘division’; comp. also Du. and E. masker. Perhaps the origin of the entire class is to be sought for in Rom.

Masse, f., ‘mass, bulk, heap,’ from MidHG. masse, f., ‘misshapen stuff, mass,’ espec. ‘lumps of metal.’ Borrowed in the