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Mörschel, ‘mortar,’ and morsch. The combination rs instead of rsch (see under herrschen, Hirsch, birschen, &c.) occurs also in Hirse, compared with the dial. Hirsche. The HG. form, OHG. mors-âri, is based on a verbal root murs; comp. MidHG. zermürsen (MidG. zermorschen), ‘to crash to pieces,’ Swiss morsen, mürsen, ‘to grind, pound small,’ Du. morzelen, ‘to pulverise, mangle.’ On the other hand, the equiv. Lat. mortarium (Fr. mortier) is indicated by Du. mortier, AS. mortêre, MidE. mortêr, E. mortar.

Mörtel, m., from the equiv. MidHG. mortel, morter, m., ‘mortar (cement),’ from MidLat. mortarium. Comp. Fr. mortier, ‘mortar’ (bowl and cement), whence also E. mortar.

Most, m., ‘must, new wine,’ from MidHG. and OHG. most, m., ‘fermenting new wine, wine must;’ borrowed, like other words relating to vine-growing (see Wein, Winzer, Lauer, Presse, Torkel, and Kelch); the Lat. origin is mustum, ‘must,’ whence also AS., MidE., and E. must, the equiv. Du. most, and in the Rom. group, Ital. mosto, Fr. mout. Comp. further OSlov. mŭstŭ.

Mostert, Mostrich, m. (the second word is a corruption of the first), ‘mustard,’ MidHG. mostert, musthart, m., ‘mustard mixed with must’; corresponding to the Rom. terms, Ital. mostarda, Fr. moutarde, whence MidE. and E. mustard, Du. mosterd. A derivative of Lat. mustum, ‘must,’ mustard being mixed with must. Comp. Senf.

Motte, f., from the equiv. late MidHG. matte, f., ‘moth’ (tt originated in Goth. and OTeut. þþ, as in Fittich, Latte, and spotten). Goth. *muþþô is wanting; comp. AS. moþþe, f., MidE. moþþe, E. moth, Du. mot (t for tt from þþ), ‘moth’; also the curious variants, MidHG. matte, f. (Goth. *maþþa), AS. mohþe, f., MidE. moughþe, ‘moth’ (OIc. motte, m.. ‘moth,’ with the same permutation of þþ to tt as in Du.). Perhaps the cognates discussed under Made are akin.

Möwe, f., ModHG. only, from the equiv. LG. mewe, Du. meeuw, f., ‘mew, seagull.’ The word existed in OHG. as méh; Goth. *maihws is wanting; comp. OIc. má-r, m., ‘seagull.’ A variant *maiwi is indicated by AS. mœ̂w, E. mew (for the interchange of hw and w see Niere), as well as by the Du. form meeuw. A pre-

Teut. *maiko-, *maiki, has not yet been found with a meaning similar to that of the Teut. cognates.

Mucke, f., ‘whim, freak,’ a LG. form for the rare MidHG. muoche, ‘vexatious thought’; yet the word may be regarded as the normal UpG. form for Mücke, so that its derivation should be similar to that of Grille.

Mücke, f., ‘gnat, midge,’ from MidHG. mücke, mucke, f., ‘gnat, fly’ (hence still ModHG. dial. ‘fly’), OHG. mucca, f. Goth. *mugjô is by chance not recorded; it is indicated by AS. myčǧe, f., E. midge, OSax. muggia, Du. mug. OIc. mý, n., ‘gnat,’ suggests the idea that the West Teut. guttural is a suffix, as in Brücke (see also Jugend). The common Teut. form of the noun is muwî, to which also Gr. μυῖα corresponds.

mucken, vb., ‘to grumble,’ first occurs in early ModHG., probably akin to late MidHG. mûgen, ‘to roar,’ which may be allied to μυκάομαι, ‘to roar’ (see Mücke). Perhaps it is also connected with Muckser; it is based on MidHG. muckzen, muchzen, OHG. muccazzen, ‘to whisper, grumble’; apparently, however, it is better connected with the Teut. root mū̆k, ‘to pretend to know secrets,’ discussed under meuchel-. To this also belongs the simply ModHG. Mucker, ‘sulky person, grumbler,’ prop. ‘religions hypocrite,’ in which sense the word first appeared in Jena in the early part of the 18th cent. to denote the adherents of the pietist theologian Buddeus.

Mucker, see mucken.

mucksen, see mucken.

müde, adj., from the equiv. MidHG. müede, OHG. muodi, adj., ‘tired, weary’; comp. OSax. môði, Du. moede, AS. mêðe, ‘tired’ (Goth. *mô-þeis, ‘tired,’ is wanting); comp. also OIc. móðr, ‘tired.’ The dental is a partic. derivative of the root *mô- (comp. mühen), of which müde is a verbal adj. meaning ‘having wearied oneself.’

Muff (1.), m., ‘muff,’ ModHG. only; from LG. muff, Du. mof, ‘muff,’ E. muff; a modern Teut. word connected with Fr. moufle, ‘mitten,’ MidLat. (even in the 9th cent.) muffula. The origin of the cognates has not yet been determined; they are generally connected with MidHG. mouwe, ‘sleeve.’

Muff (2.), ‘mould,’ MidHG. only, allied to Du. muf, ‘musty, moist, mouldy’; late MidHG. müffeln, ‘to smell bad or