Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/267

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Muschel, f., from the equiv. MidHG. muschel, OHG. muscula, f., ‘mussel, shellfish.’ Borrowed from the equiv. Lat. musculus, m.

Muskel, m., ‘muscle’ (of the body), ModHG. only, borrowed from the equiv. Lat. musculus.

müssen, anom. vb., ‘to be obliged; must,’ from MidHG. müeȥen, OHG. muoȥan, pret. pres., ‘to like, be able; be allowed, be obliged’ (see Muße); comp. OSax. motân, Du. moeten, ‘to be obliged; ought,’ AS. *motan, ‘to be allowed, be able, like, be obliged,’ in E. only the pret. must (AS. môste, ‘was obliged’) has been preserved with the meaning of the pres.; Goth. gamôtan, ‘to take place, have room.’ The origin of these cognates is doubtful; they can scarcely be connected with messen.

Musteil, m. and n., allied to Mus (Gemüse), “half the stock of provisions left on the death of a husband, and what remains thirty days later when an inventory is made; one half belongs to the widow and the other to the heirs” (Lessing); the share of the widow is called Musteil. Even in MidHG. (in the MidG. of the Saxon Code) musteile for *muosteile occurs.

Muster, n., ‘sample, model, paragon,’ first occurs in early ModHG., from the equiv. Ital. mostra; comp. Fr. montre (E. muster, Du. monster), ‘sample.’ Allied to Lat. monstrare.

Muße, f., ‘leisure, ease,’ from MidHG. muoȥe, OHG. muoȥa, f., ‘leisure, ease, inactivity,’ OHG. also ‘possibility, suitable occasion’; allied to the OTeut. pret. pres. môtan (see müssen). —

müßig, adj., ‘at leisure,’ from MidHG. müeȥec, OHG. muoȥîg, ‘at leisure, unemployed.’

Mut, m.. ‘courage, mood,’ from MidHG. and OHG. muot, m., ‘sense, mind, spirits, courage,’ OSax. môd, ‘spirits, inner self, heart, courage,’ Du. moed, m., ‘courage,’ AS. môd, n., ‘mind, spirits, heart, courage, zeal,’ E. mood, Goth. môds, m., ‘auger.’ ‘Strong emotion, violent excitement,’ is the primary idea of the common Teut. stem môda-, the origin of which cannot be traced with certainty in the non-Teut. languages. The usual derivation from the root mā̆, Gr. μαίομαι, ‘to desire,’ is possible. Comp. the Slav. root mě in sŭměją (sŭměti), ‘to venture.’ — ModHG. gemut in wohlgemut, from MidHG.

wol gemuot, ‘courageous,’ and the simple gemuot, ‘minded, disposed.’ — ModHG. Gemüt, ‘spirits, disposition,’ from MidHG. gemüete, OHG. gimuoti, n., prop. a collective of Mut, ‘totality of thoughts and feelings,’ MidHG. also ‘mood, longing,’ OHG. ‘joy.’

Mutter, f., ‘mother,’ from MidHG. muoter, OHG. muotar, f.; comp. OSax. môdar, Du. moeder, AS. môddôr, môdor; E. mother (with th when followed by er, as in father, weather); OIc. môðer. The common Teut. word for ‘mother,’ wanting only in Goth., in which aiþei (comp. Eidam) was the current term, just as atta was used for ‘father’ instead of fadar. Teut. môdar, ‘mother,’ from pre-Teut. mâtêr, is, like many other terms denoting degrees of relationship, common also to the Aryan languages; comp. Ind. mâtṛ, Gr. μήτηρ, μάτηρ, Lat. mâter, OSlov. mati, OIr. máthir (Lith. môtė, ‘married woman’). It is allied to Muhme and its cognates, as well as to Gr. μαῖα, ‘good mother’ (as a kindly address). Whether these words are based on an Aryan root mâ, meaning ‘to mete out’ (Mutter, ‘apportioner, distributor’?), or in its OInd. sense, ‘to form’ (of the embryo in the womb), is uncertain. —

Mutterkrebs, ‘female crayfish,’ prop. ‘a crayfish at the period when it casts its shell,’ had orig. nothing to do with Mutter; it contains rather OHG. muter, HG. Mauser (Lat. mûtare). Comp. mausern.

Mütze, f., from the equiv. late MidHG. mütze, mutze, f., ‘cap, bonnet,’ which is a shortened form of the equiv. armuȥ, almuȥ. It is derived from MidLat. almutia, armutia, almutium, prop. ‘amictus quo Canonici caput humerosque tegebant,’ worn also at a later period by laymen; the development of meaning is similar to that of ModHG. Kappe. MidLat. almutia, the origin of which is entirely obscure (al is thought to be the Arab. article), appears in Rom. Comp. Fr. aumusse or aumuce, ‘amess’ (fur cap worn by officials in Roman Catholic churches).

mutzen, vb., ‘to dress up, adorn’; in the sense of ‘to be out of humour,’ from mucktzen, like Blitz from Blikz, schmatzen from schmackezen; but ModHG. aufmutzen, ‘to throw in one's teeth, blame,’ from MidHG. ûfmützen, ‘to dress up, adorn,’ MidHG. mutzen, mützen, ‘to dress, adorn.’ Aufmutzen thus means ‘to puff.’