Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/282

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Papagei, w., from the equiv. MidHG. papagey, most frequently papegân, m., ‘parrot’; corresponding to Du. papagaai, E. popinjay (MidE. pǫ̂pejai); borrowed from the equiv. Rom. cognates, espec. from OFr. papegai (Ital. pappagallo). The origin of these words is not yet determined; they are most probably derived from Arab. babaghâ.

Papier, n., ‘paper,’ from late MidHG. papier, n., which: is derived from Lat. and Gr. papyrum, whence also the Rom. cognate, Fr. papier (E. paper).

Pappe, f., ‘pap, paste,’ from MidG. and LG.; comp. Du. and E. pap; MidHG. (MidG.) pap, peppe, ‘pap.’ It is usually derived from Ital. and MidLat. pappa, ‘pap,’ allied to Lat. pappare, ‘to eat.’

Pappel (1.), f., from the equiv. MidHG. papel, papele, f., OHG. (MidLat.) papula, 1, ‘mallow.’ Of obscure origin; probably cognate orig. with Pappel (2).

Pappel (2.), f., from the equiv. MidHG. papel, popel, f., ‘poplar,’ Lat. pôpulus (Fr. peuplier), with the MidLat. variant papulus; from the Fr. form (OFr. poplier) are derived the equiv. Du. populier and E. poplar (MidE. popler). In the Rom. class. Lat. populus was changed in many curious ways in most of the dials.; comp. Ital. pioppo (from *ploppus for populus). Since the HG. form is closely connected with the Lat., it must have been introduced by scholars, probably in the MidHG. period.

pappeln, vb., ‘to babble, prate,’ ModHG. only, an onomatopoetic term (comp. Fr. babiller), but linked perhaps to the equiv. LG. babbeln, Du. babbelen (MidE. babelen, E. to babble), whence the ModHG. form may be derived by permutation.

Papst, Pabst, m., ‘pope,’ from MidHG. bâbes, and with an excrescent t (see Obst and Palast), bâbest; OHG. bâbes first occurs about 1000 A.D. (in Notker); from the equiv. Lat. pâpa. The initial and medial b in OHG. and MidHG. in contrast to Lat. p may be compared with bëch, balme, bapel, and their variants pëch, palme, papel, in MidHG. The s of the OHG. form bâbes (earlier *bâbas?) is both strange and difficult to explain; comp. OSlov. papežĭ, borrowed from it. This Latin Church word, which passed into G. at a late period, cannot be connected with ModGr. πάππας (comp. Pfaffe); most of the corresponding Rom. words have, however, no s (Ital. papa, Fr. pape). Yet OFr. has sometimes pape-s

instead of pape, with an inorganic s in the nom. (comp. Pfau), for in OFr. numerous mascs. in a could take an s in the nom. (poetes from poeta, prophetes from propheta, hermites from eremita, homicides from homicida, &c.). In MidEuropean Ger. this form in s afterwards constituted the stem; besides OHG. bâbes comp. also Du. paus (from OLG. and ODu. pavos, recorded even in the 9th cent.). The LG. form seems to have passed in the 10th cent. to the south of Germany. OIc. páfe was probably formed under the influence of AS. pâpa (Lat. pâpa), E. pope. Moreover, MidLat. pâpa was a respectful term used in addressing bishops, and since Leo the Great a title of the Roman pope, and also since Hierocles the title of the patriarch of Alexandria. Gregory VII. decreed in 1075 the exclusive right of the Roman pontifex to the title papa. The fact that AS. has preserved the Lat. word in a purer form is explained by its having been borrowed at an earlier period.

Paradies, n., ‘paradise,’ from MidHG. paradîse, paradîs, pardîs (its accent fluctuates), n., OHG. paradîsi, paradîs, n. (MidHG. î explains the earlier ModHG. Paradeis). It corresponds to OSax. paradîs, Du. paradijs, MidE. paradise; the cognates are derived from the biblical and ecclesiastical paradîsus, παράδεισος (prop. ‘pleasure-ground, park’), which again is of Pers. origin. Comp. Zend pairidaeza, ‘rampart, enclosure.’

Pardel, Parder, m., from the equiv. MidHG. parde, OHG. pardo, m., ‘panther, leopard’; borrowed from Lat. pardus; MidHG. variant part (pardes), m.; the l or rather r of the ModHG. form is due to Gr. and Lat. pardalis.

Park, m., ‘park,’ early ModHG., borrowed from Fr. parc. See Pferch.

Partei, f., ‘party, faction, league,’ from MidHG. partîe, f., ‘party, division,’ borrowed from Fr. partie (Lat. and Ital. partita, E. party), whence also ModHG. Partie.

Pasch, m., ‘doublet, pair royal (at dice)’, first occurs in early ModHG.; from Fr. passe-dix, above ten (at dice).

paschen, vb., ‘to smuggle,’ ModHG. only, probably from Fr. passer, Ital. passare, ‘to go beyond,’ with ‘frontier’ understood.

Paspel, m., ModHG. only, from the equiv. Fr. passe-poil, ‘piping’ (for clothes).

passen (1.), vb., ‘to forego one's turn in playing,’ ModHG. only, formed from Fr.