Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/354

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Seil, n., ‘rope,’ from MidHG. and OHG. seil, n., ‘rope, cord’; corresponding to OSax. sêl, AS. sâl, OIc. seil, Goth. *sail, n., ‘rope’ (from insailjan, ‘to lower or let down with cords’). A common Teut. word sailo-m, which, like the equiv. OSlov. silo, is derived from the widely diffused Aryan root sī̆, ‘to bind.’ Comp. the Sans. root sì, ‘to bind,’ sẽtu, ‘bond, fetter,’ Gr. ἱ-μάς, ‘strap’, and ἱ-μονιά ‘well-rope,’ Lett. sinu, ‘to bind’; also OHG. si-lo, MidHG. sil, m., ‘traces of draught cattle’; OSax. sī̆mo, ‘strap,’ OIc. síme. See Seite and Siele.

Seim, m., ‘strained honey, sweetness,’ from MidHG. seim (honecseim), OHG. seim (honangseim), m., ‘virgin honey’; comp. Du. zeem; OIc. seimr, hunangsseimr, ‘honeycomb.’ On account of this divergence of meaning in Teut. the connection of the word with Gr. αἰμα, ‘blood’ (lit. ‘juice’?), is improbable. It may be allied to the cognates discussed under Seihe.

ſein, poss. pron., ‘his, its,’ from MidHG. and OHG. (also OSax.) sîn; comp. Goth. seins, ‘his’; allied to Goth. si-k, ‘himself,’ formed with the poss. suffix -îna- like mein and dein. Comp. sich; the further discussion of the word belongs to grammar.

ſein, anomal. vb.; its tenses are formed from various stems. The Teut. prim. stems are es, -s, with the same meaning (OHG., MidHG., and ModHG. ist, OHG. and MidHG. sint, ModHG. ſind; subj. mood, OHG. and MidHG. sî, ModHG. ſei; inf. MidHG. sîn, ModHG. ſein; comp. Goth. 3rd pers. sing. ist, plu. sind; optat. sijau; AS. and E. 3rd pers. sing. is, 3rd pers. plur. AS. sind); corresponding to the Aryan root es in Lat. es-t, Gr. ἐστί, Sans. ás-ti, Lat. sunt, sîm, Sans. sánti, &c. The second stem begins with b, ModHG., MidHG., and OHG. bin, OSax. bium, AS. beó, ‘I am’ (AS. also ‘I shall’), connected with the stem of Lat. fio, Gr. φύω, Sans. bhû, ‘to become.’ For the third stem (of gewesen and war) see under Wesen. Further details belong to grammar.

seit, prep. and conj., ‘since,’ from MidHG. sît, prep. and conj., ‘since,’ adv., ‘since then,’ OHG. sîd, adv., ‘since then, later,’ conj. ‘since, as, because,’ prep. ‘since.’ Comp. OSax. sîð (also sîðor), ‘later, afterwards, since then, if’; orig. a compar. adv.; comp. Goth. þanaseiþs, ‘further,’ allied to seiþus, ‘late.’ As new equiv. compars. comp. also OSax. sîð-or, OHG. sī̆dôr, MidHG. sī̆der. MidHG. sint, a variant of sît,

is implied by sintemal; E. since is based on MidE. sithens, sithen, AS. sîððân.

Seite, f., ‘side, flank, page,’ from MidHG. sîte, sît, OHG. sîta (sîtta), f., ‘side’; comp. Du. zijde, f., ‘side,’ and the equiv. AS. sîde, E. side, OIc. síða, f.; Goth. *seidô (*seidjô), f., is wanting. Allied to OIc. síðr, ‘hanging down,’ AS. sîd, adj., ‘wide, large, extended’? — seits, in einerseits, ander-, jenseits, &c., with adv. s from MidHG. -sît in einsît, ander-sît, jënsît, which are accus. advs.

Sekt, m., ‘Canary wine, sack,’ ModHG. only, from the equiv. Du. sek, which, like E. sack, is said to have been formed from Ital. vino secco.

selb, selber, selbst, pron., ‘self-same, self, himself,’ &c., from MidHG. sëlp (b), OHG. sëlb, pron., ‘self, himself,’ &c.; comp. OSax. self, Du. zelf, AS. sylf, OIc. sjalfr, Goth. silba, ‘self, himself,’ &c. A pron. peculiar to Teut., which signified lit. perhaps ‘master, possessor’ (thus Sans. patis, ‘master,’ is similar to Lith. pats, ‘self’). Comp. OIr. selb, f., ‘possession’?.

selig, adj., ‘happy, blessed, deceased, late,’ from MidHG. sœlec, OHG. sâlig, adj., ‘happy, blessed, blissful, salutary’; lengthened by the suffix -îg from an older *sâl, which was preserved in MidHG. sûllîche, ‘in a lucky manner’; comp. Goth. sêls, ‘good, suitable,’ AS. sœ̂lig, ‘good, happy,’ OHG. sâlida, MidHG. sœlde, f., ‘happiness, welfare.’ Goth. sêls is usually compared with Gr. ὅλος (Ion. οὖλος), ‘whole,’ from solvos, οὖλε, as a greeting, Sans. sarva s, ‘whole, all,’ Lat. sollus, ‘whole.’ — selig, in the adjs., just as trübselig, saumselig, and mühselig, has nothing to do with OHG. sâlîg, since it is a suffix of the neuts. Trübsal, Saumsal, Mühsal. In substs. of this kind -sal itself is a suffix formed from OHG. isal (gen. -sles), which appears in Goth. as -isl, n.

Sellerie, m., ‘celery,’ ModHG. only, from Fr. céleri.

selten, adj. and adv., ‘rare, rarely,’ from MidHG. sëlten, OHG. sëltan, adv., ‘rarely’; corresponding to the equiv. AS. sëldan, adv., E. seldom, OIc. sjaldan, OFris. sielden, adv. The corresponding adj. is OHG. sëltsâni, MidHG. sëltsœne (AS. sëld-sêne), ‘rare, strange,’ the suffix of which has been supplanted in ModHG. by the more familiar -sam. In Goth. sildaleiks, ‘wonderful,’ to which is allied Goth. sildaleikjan, ‘to be astonished’ (akin to AS. syllîč, E.