Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/365

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A specifically HG. word, which, like MidHG. sprœwen, MidDu. spraeien (Goth. *sprêwjan), ‘to emit sparks, fly as dust, scatter,’ is based on a Teut. and an Aryan root sprē̆w, ‘to emit sparks,’ of which, however, no further traces can be found (see further sprühen). The corresponding LG. word is represented by the cognates, E. chaff and Du. kaf.

Sprichwort, n., ‘proverb,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sprichwort, n. (the form Sprüchwort first occurs in early ModHG. only), lit. ‘uttered word.’

Spriegel, with the variant Sprügel, m., ‘support of an awning, tilt,’ a ModHG. word of the MidG. group; not recorded, probably only by chance, in the earlier periods. No cognate terms have as yet been found.

sprießen, vb., ‘to sprout, shoot forth,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sprieȥen (OHG. *sprioȥan?), str. vb.; corresponding to Du. spruiten, AS. sprûtan, and E. to sprout. From this Teut. root sprū̆t, ‘to grow up,’ are derived E. to sprit, ‘to sprout’ (AS. spryttan), as well as AS. spreót, ‘pole, shaft,’ equiv. to Du. spriet, ‘javelin, spear, bowsprit,’ whence ModHG. Spriet in Bugspriet. Comp. further spritzen and Sprosse. No terms undoubtedly cognate are found in the non-Teut. languages.

springen, vb., ‘to spring, leap, jump,’ from the equiv. MidHG. springen, OHG. springan, str. vb.; corresponding to the equiv. OSax. springan, Du. springen, AS. springan, E. to spring, Goth. *spriggan. From this common Teut. vb., to which ModHG. Sprung, m., (MidHG. and OHG. sprung), is allied, the cognates of Ital. springare, ‘to jog, swing one's legs,’ are derived. An allied Aryan root sprgh, with a nasal exists in Gr. σπέρχεσθαι ‘to hasten,’ σπερχνός, ‘hasty.’

spritzen, vb., earlier sprützen, ‘to spirt, squirt, syringe, spout forth,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sprützen, whence Ital. spruzzare and sprizzare were borrowed; allied to MidHG. sprütze, ModHG. Spritze, f., ‘syringe, squirt’; derivs. of the Teut. root sprū̆t, ‘to grow up, shoot forth’ (see sprießen). Comp. E. to sprit, ‘to spirt’ and ‘to sprout.’

spröde, adj., ‘brittle; shy, coy,’ ModHG. only; corresponding to ModFlem. sprooi, early ModDu. spru, MidE. sprêþe, ‘infirm, brittle.’ The adj., an old formation (like blöde and müde) from the Teut. root sprē̆w, ‘to be scattered as dust’ (see Spreu), is not

recorded, probably only by chance, in the earlier periods of the language.

Sprosse, f., ‘shoot, sprout; rung,’ from MidHG. sproȥȥe, OHG. sproȥȥo, m., ‘rung.’ This meaning is probably derived from an older signification (‘twig’); comp. OIc. sprote, ‘twig, rod, staff,’ AS. sprota, ‘twig.’ These terms are connected with the Teut. root sprū̆t in sprietzen, of which Sproß, ‘sprout,’ is a ModHG. derivative; from the latter Sprößling is derived.

Sprotte, f., ‘sprat,’ prop. a LG. word, which corresponds to the equiv. Du. sprot, E. sprat, and AS. sprott. Its earlier history has not been ascertained.

Spruch, m., ‘saying, adage, sentence, judgment,’ from MidHG. spruch, m., ‘that which is uttered, word, speech’; a MidHG. derivative of the vb. sprechen.

sprühen, vb., ‘to emit sparks, sparkle,’ firs recorded in ModHG., but MidHG. *sprüejen, OHG. *spruowen, are to be assumed. Its connection with MidHG. sprœwen, ‘to fly as dust,’ and ModHG. Spreu, leads to the root sprī̆w (sprō̆w), ‘to be scattered as dust'; see further spröde.

spucken, vb., ‘to haunt’ (of a ghost), ModHG. only; its early history cannot be discovered; how it is connected with the root spī̆w (see speien) is uncertain.

Spuk, m., ‘spectre, ghost,’ ModHG. only, prop. a LG. word; it is unknown to UpG. (the strictly HG. form Spuch occurs in early ModHG.); comp. LG. and Du. spook, from Teut. spauka-. Allied to Swed. spok, ‘scarecrow,’ Dan. spøg, ‘joke, fun,’ Norweg. spjok, ‘ghost’ (E. spook is of Scand. origin). It is uncertain whether the word is related to Lith. spůgulas, ‘splendour.’

Spule, f., ‘spool, bobbin,’ from MidHG. spuole, m., ‘spool, tube, quill,’ OHG. spuola, f., spuolo, m., ‘spool’; corresponding to Du. spoel, E. spool. From the Teut. cognates are derived the Rom. terms, Ital. spuola, ‘shuttle,’ OFr. épolet, ‘spindle.’ Connected with the root spa, ‘to draw,’ adduced under spannen and spinnen?.

spülen, vb., ‘to rinse, wash,’ from the equiv. MidHG. spüelen, OHG. spuolen, wk. vb.; corresponding to the equiv. Du. spoelen, AS. spêlan. Its connection with the preceding word is not clear. — The corresponding collective Spülicht, n., ‘dish-wash, swill,’ is based on MidHG. spüelach (OHG. *spuolahi).

Spund, m., ‘bung, bunghole, channel,’ from MidHG. spunt (gen. spuntes), m.,