Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/382

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nates. ModHG. betäuben, ‘to deafen, stun,’ from MidHG. töuben, MidHG. and OHG. touben, wk. vb., ‘to deprive of sensation or strength, to annihilate,’ supports the assumed primary meaning.

Taube, f., ‘dove, pigeon,’ from the equiv. MidHG. tûbe, OHG. tûba, f.; corresponding to the equiv. Goth. dûbô, AS. dûfe, E. dove, Du. duif. This common Teut. term (for which Goth. ahaks, AS. culufre, ‘dove,’ are also found) has been connected with a Teut. root dū̆b, ‘to dive,’ which appears in AS. dŷfan, E. to dive, Taube being regarded as orig. ‘water-dove.’ It is more probably related to OIr. dub, ‘black,’ duibe, ‘blackness’; comp. Gr. πέλεια, ‘wild pigeon,’ from πελοός, ‘dark blue.’

Tauber, m., ‘male pigeon,’ for which tiuber occurs in MidHG.

tauchen, vb., ‘to dip, dive,’ from the equiv. MidHG. tûcken, wk. vb., OHG. tûhhan, str. vb.; comp. Du. duiken, ‘to dive, duck,’ E. to duck (whence also E. duck, AS. dûce); see further ducken. Other terms derived from the Teut. root duk, ‘to stoop, dive,’ are wanting. The connection of the word with taufen is improbable.

Taucher, m., ‘diver’ (bird), from the equiv. MidHG. tûhhœre, OHG. tûhhâri, m.

tauen, vb., ‘to thaw,’ from MidHG. touwen, töuwen, OHG. douwen, dęwen (dôan), wk. vb., ‘to dissolve’; comp. Du. dooijen, AS. þâwan, E. to thaw, OIc. þeyja. With ModHG. Tauwind, m., ‘thaw wind, comp. Du. dooij, E. thaw, OIc. þeyr. If the Teut. root þaw, ‘to dissolve’ (comp. verdauen), exhibited in all these words, has originated in þagw, equiv. to Aryan tē̆q, Gr. τήκω, ‘to melt,’ τακερός, ‘liquid,’ may be counted as cognates. Yet the Teut. words, as well as Osset. t‘ayun, ‘to thaw,’ may point to an Aryan root taw.

Taufe, f., ‘baptism, christening,’ from the equiv. MidHG. toufe, OHG. toufa (toufî), f.; allied to taufen, vb., ‘to baptize, christen,’ MidHG. töufen, toufen, OHG. toufen (from *toufjan). The primary meaning of the vb. is preserved by MidHG. toufen, ‘to dip under,’ which is properly a causative of tief. Goth. daupjan, OLG. dôpian, Du. doopen, exhibit the Christian meaning, which AS. represented by fulwian (fulwiht, ‘baptism’); comp. OIc. kristna, ‘to baptize.’ In its relation to the history of civilisation taufen is as difficult to determine as Heide (which see). It cannot be positively affirmed whether the MidEurop. term daup-

jan “has been restricted in meaning solely because the Goths, who were first to receive Christianity, rendered the Gr. word βαπτίζειν by the corresponding daupjan; this word, as the designation of the first sacrament, was then adopted from them (with Heide, Kirche, Pfaffe, and Teufel) by the Western Teutons, and was so firmly rooted among the latter that the AS. missionaries could no longer think of supplanting it by their corresponding verb fulwian.” Perhaps, however, the OTeut. daupjan had even in the heathen acquired a ritual sense which fitted it to become the representative of the Christian-Romance baptizare (Ir. baitism).

taugen, vb., ‘to be of use, be good or fit for,’ from MidHG. tugen, OHG. tugan (pres. sing. touc), pret. pres., ‘to be capable, useful, suitable, to be of use, to suit.’ Corresponding to OSax. dugan, ‘to be capable, be of use,’ Du. deugen, ‘to be of use,’ AS. dugan, OIc. duga, Goth. dugan, ‘to be fit, of use’ The Teut. verbal root dug (daug) might, like Lith. daúg, ‘much,’ daúksinti, ‘to increase,’ point to Aryan dhugh (Gr. τύχη, ‘fortune,’ τυγχάνω, ‘I am fortunate’?). To this are allied tüchtig and Tugend.

Taumel, m., ‘reeling, staggering, frenzy,’ from MidHG. tū̆meln (tū̆men, tū̆melieren), ‘to reel, stagger,’ OHG. tûmalôn (tū̆môn), ‘to turn.’ From the OHG. and MidHG. variant with is derived tummeln (comp. also Rohrdommel). The Teut. root dû contained in these words leads to kinship with the Sans. root dhû, ‘to storm along, put in violent motion, shake.’

Tausch, m., ‘exchange, barter’; ModHG. only; in late MidHG. (15th cent.) we meet for the first time with rostiuchœre, ‘horse-dealer’ (comp. Du. paardentuischer), and verûschen, ‘to exchange.’ The word is properly LG.; comp. Du. tuischen, ‘to barter.’ How täuschen, ‘to deceive,’ from late MidHG. tiuschen (tûschen), ‘to deceive, make game of some one’ (late MidHG. tûsch, ‘mockery, joke, deception’), is connected with this word is not clear.

tausend, n. and m., ‘thousand,’ from the equiv. MidHG. tûsend (tûsunt), OHG. tûsunt, dûsunt; corresponding to Goth. þûsundi, AS. þûsend, E. thousand, Du. duizend, OSax. thûsind. While the lower numerals up to a hundred are common to all the Aryan languages, the term for a thousand occurs elsewhere only in the Slav. group; comp. OSlov. tysąšta, Lith. túk-