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neath,’ from the equiv. MidHG. unden, OHG. untanân. Allied to unter, prep. and adv., ‘below, under,’ from MidHG. and OHG. unter, under, OLG. untar (prep.); but untari, adv.; corresponding to Goth. and OSax. undar, Du. onder, AS. and E. under. The Aryan prep. ndhér, on which these are based, appears also in Lat. infra (comp. inferior) and Sans. adhás, ‘beneath’ (adhara, ‘the lower’). Unterschleif, m., ‘embezzlement, smuggling,’ ModHG. only, allied to MidHG. undersliufœre, ‘cheat’; comp. MidHG. undersliefen, ‘to cheat, deceive,’ underslouf, ‘hiding-place.’ unterthan, adj. ‘subject to, dependent,’ from the equiv. MidHG. undertân, OHG. untartân. Properly a partic. of MidHG. undertuon, OHG. untartuon, ‘to subjugate, bring into subjection.’ See thun. unterwegen, unterwegs, adv., ‘on the way,’ from MidHG. under wëgen, ‘on the way, away.’ unwirsch, adj., ‘cross, rude, morose,’ from MidHG. (rare) unwirs, usually unwirdesch, ‘unworthy, contemptuous, indignant, angry.’ Comp. MidHG. unwërt, ‘despised, unsuited, disagreeable’; allied to wert. See also wirsch. Unze, f., ‘ounce,’ from MidHG. unze, OHG. unza, f., ‘weight,’ from Lat. uncia. üppig, adj., ‘luxurious, voluptuous, sumptuous,’ from MidHG. üppic (g), OHG. uppîg, ‘superfluous, useless, invalid, frivolous, arrogant.’ For the connection of this specifically HG. word with Goth. ufjô, f., ‘superfluity,’ and OHG. uppi, ‘malicious,’ as well as with the cognates of übel and über, see übel. Ur, see Auer-. ur-, pref., from MidHG. and OHG. ur-; an accented prefix of which er- (MidHG. er-, OHG. ir-) is the unaccented form. In OHG., ur, ‘out of,’ is met with as a prep. |
The prefix signifies ‘out of, originally, in the beginning.’ Goth. has us (uz), of which there are no certain cognates in the other Aryan languages.
Urahn, m., ‘great-grandfather,’ from MidHG. urane; see Ahn. — uralt, adj., ‘extremely old, primeval,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. uralt; allied to alt. — Urbar, n., ‘produce, landed property,’ from MidHG. urbor, urbar, f. and n., ‘copyhold, rent, income’; lit. perhaps ‘tax, produce, rent’ (comp. Goth. gabaúr, ‘tax’). Hence urbar, adj., ‘arable,’ lit. ‘bearing interest, productive’ (ModHG. only). — Urfehde, f., ‘solemn oath not to take vengeance on an enemy,’ from the equiv. MidHG. urvêhede (urvêhe), f.; see Fehde. — Urheber, m., ‘author, originator,’ a ModHG. derivative of MidHG. urhap (b), m., ‘beginning, cause, origin’ (allied to heben). Urkunde, f., ‘deed, document, charter,’ from MidHG. urkunde (urkünde), n. and f., ‘testimony, proof, document,’ OHG. urchundî, f., ‘testimony’; allied to erkennen (hence lit. ‘recognition’). — Urlaub, m., ‘leave of absence, furlough,’ from MidHG. and OHG. úrloup (b), m. and n., ‘permission’; an abstract from erlauben, ‘to permit, MidHG. erlouben, OHG. irloubôn. — Ursache, f., ‘cause,’ from MidHG. ursache. — Ursprung, m., ‘source, origin,’ from MidHG. úrsprunc, úrsprinc (g), OHG. úrspring, m. and n., ‘source’; allied to springen, (erspringen). — Urtel, Urteil, n., ‘judgment, sentence, decision,’ from MidHG. urteil, urteile, f. and n., ‘judicial decision’; allied to erteilen (lit. ‘that which is imparted’). Comp. Du. oordeel, AS. ordâl, ‘judgment’ (whence Fr. ordalie, ‘judgment of God,’ MidLat. ordalium). uzen, vb., ‘to jeer at, mock,’ ModHG. only; a derivative of the proper name Utz, an abbrev. form of Ulrich. Comp. hänseln. |
V.
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Vater, m., ‘father,’ from the equiv. MidHG. vater, OHG. fater; common to Teut. and Aryan in the same sense; comp. Goth. (rare) fadar (usually atta), OIc. faðer, AS. fœder, E. father, Du. vader, vaar, OSax. fadar. Teut. fadêr, from Aryan patḗr; comp. Lat. pater, Gr. πατήρ, Sans. pitṛ (for patṛ), ‘father.’ Aryan pa-tḗr has been derived from the Sans. root pâ, ‘to guard, |
protect,’ so that Vater would mean lit. ‘protector.’ An English preacher of the 12th cent. connected the word in a similar way with AS. fêdan, E. to feed (see füttern); hence Vater, lit. ‘nourisher.’ Neither interpretation is historically certain, since Aryan pa-ter is probably based on an instinctive sound (comp. Gr. dial. πᾶ, ‘father,’ πάππα); comp. Mutter, Bruder, and Schwe- |
