Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/423

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corresponding to Du. woelen. With this weak verbal root wôl is connected the Teut. cognate walo- (see Wahlstatt), to which OHG. and MidHG. wuol and AS. wôl, ‘defeat, ruin,’ are allied.

Wulst, f., ‘swelling, roll, pad,’ from the equiv. MidHG. (very rare) wulst, OHG. (rare) wulsta, f. (also signifying the ‘turned up lip’). A derivative of OHG. wëllan, MidHG. wëllen, str. vb., ‘to make round, roll,’ to which Welle is allied.

wund, adj., ‘galled, chased, wounded,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wunt (d), OHG. wunt; corresponding to OSax. and AS. wund, Du. gewond, and Goth. wunds; properly an old partic. with the Aryan suffix to-. There is also an old abstract of the same root with the Aryan suffix -tâ (see Schande?), ModHG. Wunde, ‘wound,’ from MidHG. wunde, OHG. wunta, f., to which OSax. wunda, Du. wunde, AS. wund, E. wound, correspond. The root on which the word is based would assume the form wen in Teut.; comp. Goth. win-nan, ‘to suffer, feel pain,’ to which Gr. ὠτειλή (from *ό-ϝατειλη), ‘wound,’ is usually referred.

Wunder, n., ‘wonder, marvel, miracle,’ from MidHG. wunter, OHG. wuntar, n., ‘astonishment, object of astonishment, wonder, marvel’ (the signification ‘astonishment’ is preserved in the expression Wunder nehmen, ‘to be surprised,’ which existed in MidHG.). Comp. OSax. wundar, E. and Du. wonder. Teut. wundro- seems, like Gr. ἀθρέω (for *ϝαθρέω?), ‘to gaze at, observe, consider,’ to point to an Aryan root wendh, ‘to gaze at, stare at.’

Wunsch, m., ‘wish, desire,’ from MidHG. wunsch, OHG. wunsc, m., ‘wish, desire’ (MidHG. also ‘capacity for doing something extraordinary’); comp. Du. wensch, OIc. ósk (for Goth. *wunska), ‘wish.’ Hence the derivative wünschen, ‘to wish, desire, long for,’ MidHG. wünschen, OHG. wunsken, ‘to wish’; comp. Du. wenschen, AS. wŷsčęan, E. to wish. Sans. vâñchâ (for *vânskâ), ‘wish’ (with the root vâñch, ‘to wish’), is regarded as equiv. to Teut. wunskó, ‘wish.’ The skâ derivative is based on the root wen, ‘to be pleased,’ which appears in wohnen.

Würde, f., ‘dignity,’ from MidHG. wirde, f., ‘dignity, honour, respect,’ OHG. wirdi, f.; an abstract from Wert. —

würdig, adj., ‘worthy, estimable,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wirdec, OHG. wirdîg.

Wurf, m., ‘throw, cast, projection,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. wurf; allied

to werfen. — With this Würfel, m., ‘die, cube,’ from MidHG. würfel, OHG. wurfil, m., is connected; comp. the equiv. OIc. verpell.

würgen, vb., ‘to choke, strangle, throttle,’ from the equiv. MidHG. würgen (MidG. worgen), wk. vb., OHG. wurgen (from *wurgjan). Beside this wk. vb. there existed a strong verbal root, Teut. werg (deduced from the equiv. MidHG. erwërgen), from Aryan wergh, from which Lith. verszti (verżu), ‘to lace together, press firmly,’ and OSlov. vrŭzą, ‘to chain, bind,’ are derived. The word has also been compared with the Aryan root wrengh (see ringen).

Wurm, m., ‘worm, grub,’ from MidHG. and OHG. wurm, ‘worm, insect, serpent, dragon’; comp. Goth. waûrms, ‘serpent,’ OSax. wurm, ‘serpent,’ Du. and E. worm. The meaning of the common Teut. word varies between ‘worm’ and ‘serpent’ (comp. Lindwurm). The former occurs in the primit. allied Lat. vermis, ‘worm,’ with which Gr. ῥόμος (ῥόμοξ for ϝρομο-), ‘wood-worm,’ is related by gradation. Sans. kṛmi, ‘worm,’ Lith. kirmėlě and OIr. cruim (OSlov črŭvĭ), ‘worm,’ are not connected with this word; nor is Gr. ἕλμις, ‘maw-worm,’ related to it. —

wurmen, vb., ‘to become worm-eaten, pry, poke into,’ ModHG. only; comp. Du. wurmen, ‘to torment oneself, languish, work hard’; probably allied to Wurm.

Wurst, f., ‘sausage, pudding, roll, pad,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. wurst (MidG. and Du. worst), f. This specifically G. word is rightly regarded as a derivative of the Aryan root wert, ‘to turn, wind’ (see werden and Wirtel); hence Wurst (base wrtti, wrtsti), lit. ‘turning.’

Wurz, f., ‘root, herb,’ from MidHG. and OHG. wurz, f., ‘herb, plant’ (MidHG. also ‘root’); comp. OSax. wurt, ‘herb, flower,’ AS. wyrt, E. wort, Goth. waúrts, ‘root.’ An Aryan root wṛd, wrā̆d, is indicated by Gr. ῥάδαμνος, ‘tendril, shoot’ (Gr. ῥίζα from ϝριδjα), and Lat. râdix (Gr. ῥάδιξ), with which again OIc. rôt (whence the equiv. E. root) for *wrôt- is closely connected; comp. also Nüssel. An allied Teut. root urt (from Aryan wrd) appears in Goth. *aurti-, ‘herb,’ and OHG. orzôn, ‘to plant.’ — To this is allied Würze, f., ‘spice, seasoning, wort (brewing),’ from MidHG. würze, f., ‘spice plant’; corresponding to E. wort and OSax. wurtia, ‘spice.’ —

würzen, vb., ‘to spice, season,’ from the equiv. MidHG. würzen, OHG. wurzen.