Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/429

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in pre-historic times, as is proved by the AS. diminut. tiččen, equiv. to OHG. zicchî (see Zicke), and the form kittîn, obtained by metathesis, equiv. to OHG. chizzî. In East MidG. Hitte and Hippe are used for Ziege; in Alem. and Bav. and in Thuring. Ziege is the current term.

Ziegel, m., ‘brick, tile,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ziegel, OHG. ziagal, m. The word was borrowed in the pre-HG. period, perhaps contemporaneously with Mauer, Pfosten, Spiegel, and Speicher, from Lat. têgula, whence also the Romance cognates, Ital. tegghia, tegola, Fr. tuile; from the same source are derived Du. tegehel, tegel, AS. tigel, E. tile. Tiegel is not a cognate, but a genuine Teut. word, although Lat. tegula and its Romance forms may be used in the sense of Tiegel.

ziehen, vb., ‘to draw, pull, march,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ziehen, OHG. ziohan; a common Teut. str. vb.; comp. Goth. tiuhan, OSax. tiohan, AS. teon. The Teut. verbal root tuh (tug) corresponds to an Aryan root duk, which has been preserved in Lat. dûco, ‘to lead.’ From the same root the cognates of Zaum, Zeug, Zecht (Herzog), and the (properly) LG. Tau, n., are derived.

Ziel, n., ‘limit, aim, goal,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. zil, n. Allied to Goth. tils, gatils, ‘suitable, fit,’ and gatilôn, ‘to aim at, attain,’ OHG. zilôn, ‘to make haste,’ AS. tilian, ‘to be zealous, till' (E. to till), Du. telen, ‘to produce, create,’ OSax. tilian, ‘to attain.’ To the Goth. adj. tila-, ‘suitable,’ the Scand. prep. til (whence E. till) belongs. Hence the primary meaning of the cognates is ‘that which is fixed, definite,’ so that it is possible to connect them with the Teut. root tī̆ in Zeile and Zeit.

ziemen, vb., ‘to beseem, become, suit,’ from MidHG. zëmen, OHG. zëman, ‘to beseem, suit, be adapted, gratify'; corresponding to Goth. gatiman, OSax. tëman, Du. betamen, str. vb., ‘to be proper, suit.’ It has been suggested under zahm that OHG. zeman, ‘to suit,’ is a deduction from the causative zähmen (see zahm and Zunft). Allied to ziemlich, adj., ‘suitable, moderate, tolerable,’ from MidHG. zimelich, ‘proper, adapted.’

Ziemer, m., ‘buttock, hind-quarter' (of animals), ‘haunch (of venison),’ from the equiv. MidHG. zimere, f. Bav. dialectic forms such as Zem (Zen) and Zemsen indi-

cate the Teut. origin of the word; Teut. base têmoz-, timiz-.

Zier, f., ‘ornament, decoration,’ from MidHG. ziere, OHG. ziarî, f., ‘beauty, magnificence, ornament’; an abstract of the MidHG. adj. ziere, OHG. ziari, zêri, ‘precious, splendid, beautiful.’ Corresponding to OIc. tírr, OSax. and AS. tîr, m., ‘fame, honour' (E. tire). The relation of the words is difficult to explain, because the stem vowels (OHG. ia not equiv. to AS. î) do not correspond. No connection with Lat. decus, ‘honour’ (decôrus, ‘becoming’), is possible. —

Zierat (Zierrat is a corruption), m., ‘adornment, decoration,’ from MidHG. zierôt, an abstract of MidHG. ziere (comp. Armut and Kleinod). —

Zierde, f., ‘ornament, decoration,’ from MidHG. zierde, OHG. ziarida, f., with the meanings of OHG. ziarî, f. (see Zier).

Ziesel, m., ‘shrew-mouse,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zisel (and zisemûs), m.; a corruption of the equiv. Lat. cisimus.

Ziestag, see Dienstag.

Ziffer, f., ‘figure, numeral, cipher,’ from late MidHG. (rare), zifer, ziffer, f.; corresponding to Du. cijfer, E. cipher, Fr. chiffre, ‘cipher, secret characters,’ Ital. cifra, ‘secret characters.’ Originally ‘cipher, nought’; adopted in the European languages from Arab. çafar, ‘nought,’ along with the Arabic notation.

-zig, suffix for forming the tens, from MidHG. -zic (g), OHG. -zug; comp. zwanzig. In dreißig, from MidHG. drî-ȥec, OHG. drî-ȥug, there appears a different permutation of the t of Goth. tigus, ‘ten’; comp. AS. -tig, E. -ty. Goth. tigu- (from pre-Teut. dekú-) is a variant of taíhan, ‘ten.’ See zehn.

Zimmer, n., ‘room, chamber,’ from MidHG. zimber, OHG. zimbar, n., ‘timber, wooden building, dwelling, room'; corresponding to OSax. timbar, Du. timmer, ‘room,’ AS. timber, E. timber, OIc. timbr. To these are allied Goth. timrjan, ‘to build up' OHG. and MidHG. zimberen, ModHG. zimmern, ‘to build.’ The primary meaning of the subst. was certainly ‘wood for building'; it is primit. allied to Lat. domus, Gr. δόμος, Sans. dama, OSlov. domŭ, ‘house' (lit. ‘building of wood'); and also to the root vb. Gr. δέμω, ‘to build' (δέμας, ‘bodily frame').

Zimmet, m., ‘cinnamon,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zinemîn, zinmënt, OHG. sinamin, m.; from MidLat. cinamonium