Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/435

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f., ‘towel, napkin, small napkin.’ The implied Goth. *þwahljô (old AS. thwehlœ) is a derivative of þwahl, ‘bath, washing,’ and hence signified ‘that which belongs to bathing.’ The cognates are connected with ModHG. (dial.) zwagen, ‘to wash,’ from the equiv. MidHG. twaken, dwahen, OHG. dwahan; an old common Teut. word for ‘to wash.’ Comp. Goth. þwahan, OSax. thwahan, AS. þweán, OIc. þvá, Dan. toe, tvœtte, Swed. tvo, tvätta, ‘to wash.’ With these are connected Goth. þwahl, ‘bath,’ AS. þweál, ‘washing,’ OHG. dwahal, ‘bath,’ OIc. þvál, ‘soap,’ MidHG. twuhel, ‘bathing tub.’ In the allied Aryan languages only Pruss. twaxtan, ‘bathing apron,’ is cognate; Gr. τέγγω, Lat. tingo, ‘to moisten,’ are not connected with it. From OTeut. is derived the Rom. class, Ital. tovaglia, Fr. touaille, equiv. to E. towel.

zwei, num., ‘two,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zwëne, m., zwô, f., zwei, n.; OHG. zwêne, m., zwo, f., zwei, n.; common to Teut. and Aryan. Comp. OSax. twêne, m., twô, twâ, f., twei, n.; Goth. twai, m., twôs, f., twa, n.; AS. twêgen, m., twô, f., tû, n.; E. two, Du. twê, OFris. twêne, m., twâ, f., twâ, n.; OIc. tveir, m., tvœr, f., tvau, n.; Swed. tvâ, Dan. to, tvende, m., to, f., to, n. Comp. further zwanzig and zwölf. Corresponding in the non-Teut. languages to Sans. dva, Zend dva, Gr. δύο, Lat. duo, OIr. dá, Lith. dù, Russ. dva. In earlier ModHG. the forms for the different genders were kept separate (zween, m., zwo, f., zwei, n.), until in the 17th cent. the neuter form became the prevalent one. For further cognates see Zweifel and Zwist. —

zweierlei, adv. and adj., ‘of two kinds, twofold,’ from MidHG. zweier leige, ‘of a double sort’; comp. -lei.

Zweifalter, m., ‘butterfly,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zwîvalter, m., corrupted from MidHG. vîvalter, OHG. fîfaltra, ‘butterfly.’ See Falter and Schmetterling.

Zweifel, m., ‘doubt, uncertainty,’ from MidHG. zwîvel, m., ‘uncertainty, distrust, fickleness, perfidy, despair,’ OHG. zwîfal, m., ‘uncertainty, apprehension, despair,’ Comp. Goth. tweifls, m., ‘doubt,’ OSax. twîfal, Du. twijfel. The following forms also occur, OHG. zwîfo, zwëho, m., ‘doubt’ (equiv. to OSax. twëho, AS. tweó, ‘doubt’), and OIc. týja (base twiwjôn), ‘doubt.’ All are based on a pre-Teut. dweiq (dwī̆p), ‘to doubt.’ — Allied to zweifeln, vb., ‘to doubt, suspect,’ from MidHG. zwîvelen, OHG. zwîfalôn, ‘to waver, doubt’; comp. OSax.

twîflôn, ‘to waver,’ Dan. tvivle, Du. twijfelen, ‘to doubt.’ These cognates are unquestionably connected with zwei (comp. Gr. δοιή, ‘doubt,’ Sans. dvayá, ‘falseness’); the formation of the noun is, however, not clear (see Zweig and zwie-).

Zweig, m., ‘branch, bough, twig,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zwîc (-ges), n. and m., OHG. zwîg, m.; corresponding to AS. twĭg, E. twig, Du. twijg; also in MidHG. and OHG. zwî (gen. zwîes), n. The g is probably evolved from j, and zwî, gen. zwĭges, may be traced back to a nom. zwîg. The AS. form twĭg is implied by the acc. plur. twĭgu (twiggu). Yet the primary forms cannot be ascertained with certainty, hence it is not quite clear how Zweig is connected with the numeral zwei (Zweig, Ut. ‘a division into two parts’?).

zweite, ordin. of zwei, ‘second,’ a ModHG. form. The form in MidHG. is ander, OHG. andar, ‘the other’; see ander.

Zwerch-, ‘athwart, across,’ in compounds such as Zwerchfell, ‘diaphragm,’ Zwerchpfeife, ‘life,’ Zwerchsack, ‘knapsack, wallet,’ from MidHG. twërch, dwërch (also quërch), adj., ‘oblique, reversed, athwart,’ HG. dwërah, twërh, ‘oblique, athwart.’ Corresponding to AS. þweorh, ‘perverse,’ Goth. þwaírhs, ‘angry’ (þwaírhei, f., ‘anger, dispute’), Du. dwars, Dan. tvœrs, tvœrt, ‘athwart.’ With these is also connected ModHG. überzwerch, adj. and adv., ‘across, athwart, crosswise’ (MidHG. über twërch, über zwërch). The same Aryan root tverk appears also perhaps in AS. þurh, ‘through’ (see durch). Beside twërh, the MidHG. and OHG. variant twër, ‘oblique, athwart,’ occurs (in MidHG. also quër; see quer), OIc. þverr, ‘athwart, impeding.’ Teut. þwerhwo- points to an Aryan root twerk, with which Lat. torqueo is connected.

Zwerg, m., ‘dwarf, pigmy,’ from the equiv. MidHG. twërc(g), getwërc (also querch, zwërch), OHG. twërg, m.; a common Teut. word. Comp. Du. dwerg, AS. dweorh, E. dwarf, OIc. dvergr, m., Swed. and Dan. dverg. The Teut. base is dwergo-, which is perhaps also connected with the Teut. root drug, ‘to deceive’; hence Zwerg means lit. ‘phantom, illusion’?.

Zwetsche, Quetsche, f., ‘damson’; ModHG. only; a difficult word to explain. Bav. zwèšen, zwèšpen, Swiss zwetške, Austr. zwespen, Thur. and East MidG. quatšge, seem to be related like quer and Zwerch, quängeln and zwingen, so that we must perhaps assume