Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/94

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comnmon Aryan ŏle- (whence too Ahle?). From the Teut. *alina the Romance cognates — Ital. alna (Fr. aune) — are borrowed. —

Ellenbogen, Ellbogen, m., from the equiv. MidHG. ęllenboge, ęlenboge, OHG. ęlinbogo, m., ‘elbow.’ Comp. Du. elleboog, AS. ęlnboga, m., E. elbow, OIc. ǫlnboge, m., ‘elbow,’ lit. ‘bend of the arm.’

Eller, see Erle. — Elsebeere, similarly.

Elrifze, f., ‘minnow,’ akin to MidHG. and OHG. erlinc. See Erle.

Elster, f. (in Swiss œgeršt, on the Mid-Rhine atzel, Suab. hätz and kœ̂gerš), ‘magpie,’ from the equiv. MidHG. egelster, agelster, aglaster, OHG. aglastra, f.; corresponding to OLG. agastria, LG. âgster, Du. ekster, aakster, ‘magpie.’ Its origin is altogether dubious; -striôn seems here, as sometimes in other cases, to be a fem. suffix. The meaning of the base ag-ul- may have already been ‘magpie,’ as is indicated by OHG. agazza, ‘magpie’ (hence ModHG. atzel for agze-l; comp. Blitz, Lenz, Runzel), AS. agu, ‘magpie.’ From the OTeut. (type *agatja), Ital. gazza, and Fr. agace, are derived.

Eltern, plur., from the equiv. MidHG. (seldom occurs) ęltern, altern, plur., OHG. ęltiron, (altron), plur., ‘parents’; corresponds to OSax. ęldiron, Du. ouders, ouderen, AS. yldran, OFris. aldera, ‘parents’; the plur. of the compar. of alt used as a subst. in West Teut. only. In AS. the corresponding sing. yldra in AS. denotes ‘father.’ For a similar evolution of meaning comp. Herr, Jünger.

empfangen, empfinden, see ent-.

empor, adv., ‘upwards, aloft,’ from MidHG. enbor, enbore, adv., ‘into or in the heights’; OHG. inbore, in bore, with the same meaning; a combination of the prep. in with the dat. of OHG. and MidHG. dor, ‘upper space’ (OHG. also ‘summit’), the origin of which is obscure. It scarcely belongs to the root ber, ‘to carry’ (in Bahre); more probably to empören. The p of the ModHG. word is based on an early ModHG. medium form entbôr, from which entpor, empor, must have been produced.

empören, vb., ‘to excite, enrage, (refl.) to revolt,’ from MidHG. enbœren, OHG. (occurs only once) anabôren, ‘to raise’; akin to MidHG. bôr, m., ‘defiance, revolt.’ The origin of the cognates is uncertain, because it is difficult to determine whether the r is primitive or whether it is by a later change based upon s (z); with ber, ‘upper

space’ — see empor — there seems to be a connection by gradation of u to au; ModHG. böse (OHG. bôsi) is not allied.

emsig, adj., ‘busy, active, assiduous, industrious,’ from MidHG. ęmȥec, ęmȥic, OHG. ęmaȥȥig, ęmiȥȥig (also with tz) ‘constant, persistent, continuous’; Suab. and Alem. have fleißig, instead of the non-existent emsig. A derivative by means of the suffix -ig from OHG. ęmiȥ, whence MidHG. ęmeȥliche. Its connection with Muße is questionable, since ă- as an accented prefix is not to be found. AS. œ̂metig, emtig, ‘free, empty,’ E. empty, is not allied. With greater probability, the West Teut. term for ‘ant’ (see Ameise) is related to emsig.

Ende, n., ‘end, aim, termination,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ęnde, OHG. ęnti, m., n.; corresponds to OSax. ęndi, m., Du. einde, AS. ęnde, m., E. end, OIc. ender, ende, m., Goth. andeis, m. ‘end.’ The common Teut. stem andja-, from pre-Teut. antyá-, is closely connected with Sans ánta-s, m., ‘boundary, end, edge, border,’ OIr. êt (from anto-?), ‘end, point.’

Endivie, f., ‘endive,’ early ModHG. only, formed from the equiv. MidLat. and Rom. endivia (Lat. intibus).

eng, adj., ‘narrow, close, strait, confined,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and MidLG. ęnge, OHG. ęngi, angi; corresponds to Goth. aggwus, OIc. øngr (seldom ǫngr), ‘narrow,’ Du. eng; from the Teut. root ang, Aryan angh, preserved also in Angst. Comp. Lat. angustus, angustiœ, angere (see also bange), as well as Sans. aṅhú, ‘narrow,’ áṅhas, n., ‘narrowness, chasm, oppression,’ OSlov. ązŭkŭ, ‘narrow,’ Gr. ἄγχω, ‘to strangle,’ Armen. anjuk, Ir. cum-ung, ‘narrow.’

Engel, m., from the equiv. MidHG. ęngel, OHG. ęngil, angil, m., ‘angel’; corresponding to OSax. ęngil, Du. engel, AS. ęngel (but E. angel is borrowed from the OFr. angele), OIc. engell, Goth. aggilus, m., ‘angel.’ The cognates which are diffused throughout Teut. are borrowed from the ecclesiastical Lat. angelus, or more probably from Gr. ἄγγελος, ‘angel.’ How they were borrowed cannot, it is true, be discovered with any certainty (comp. Teufel).

Engerling, m., ‘grub of the cockchafer,’ from MidHG. ęngerlinc, MidHG. OHG. ęngerinc(g), m., ‘corn-weevil,’ a derivative of OHG. angar, angari, MidHG. anger, ęnger, ‘corn-weevil’; scarcely con-