Third law: between the two vowels of the word-base only a few of the Original IN combinations of consonants are now tolerated, in most cases the first consonant has to become q. The following examples particularly illustrate this third law:
Root kal : kaqkal, “ to stamp ”. — Beside taṅkal, “ to knock ”.
Root tas : taqtas, “ to cut through ”. — Beside wontas, “ notch ”.
Root las : laqlas, “ past ”. — Beside tĕlas, “ left over ”.
Root lĕt : lĕqlĕt, “ to penetrate ”. — Beside sĕlĕt, “ between ”.
γ. Examples running through several languages:
Karo, Mad., Tag., Bis. kaṅkaṅ, “ to sprawl ”.
Old Jav., Karo, Iloko laklak, Tontb. laqlak, “ to peel ”.
Karo, Iloko kupkup, Tontb. kuqkup, Bis. koqkop, “ to shut ”.
This mode of forming the word-base by doubling the root, and likewise the actual cases cited under γ, may be ascribed to Original IN.
75. Second type: the root is doubled and between the two roots the root vowel is inserted. This type occurs very frequently in Iloko:
Root bat: batabat, “ to check ”. — Beside albat, “ to hinder ”.
Root sim: simisim, “ to spy out ”. — Beside simsim, “ test ”.
Root pak: pakapak, “ foliage ”. — Beside palakpak, “ leaf ”.
Root muk (§ 48): mokomok, “ gold dust ”.
In other languages this formation is rarer. Examples from Bis.: bisibis beside bisbis, “ to pour out ”; hisihis, “ to trail along the ground ”, beside Old Jav. his, “ to stream ”.
76. Third type: only the first two sounds of the root are reduplicated, as in Mal. kikis, “ to scratch ”.
a. In many languages, and precisely in Mal., it is difficult to recognize this formation. It is indeed by no means certain that Mal. kikis is really a case of partial reduplication; in fact,
