Above, below. Philippines, Tag.: anor, "to lift up, to carry" — Celebes, Tontb.: sosor, "to go up" — Java, Old Jav. : sor, "below" — Sumatra, Lampong: ansor, "to diminish" — Northern Border, Form.: masor, "to exceed".
Note I. — Tag. anor with n for s is formed in accordance with the principles illustrated in § 149.
Note II. — The phenomenon that one and the same word means both "above" and "below" finds a parallel in the Rottinese demak, which signifies both "high" and "deep". For other cases see Kern, "Fidjitaal", p. 211.
27. In view of what has been said in the preceding paragraph, it is only with some hesitation that we can venture to style e and o Common IN vowels.
28. We must concede to Common IN the three diphthongs uy, ay, au (which I prefer to write aw).* These appear only as finals. In the interior of words, as in Mal. laut, the two vowels belong to different syllables.
29. The diphthong uy. This is shown to be Common IN by means of the Common IN word apuy, "fire ".
Fire. Philippines, Inv.: apuy — Celebes, West Mori: apuy — Borneo, Tar.: apuy — Java, Old Jav.: apuy — Sumatra, Achinese: apuy — Northern Border, Bat.: apuy — South- western Border, Simalurese: ahoy.
Note.—In Simalurese ahoy we find oy < uy in accordance with the parallel lañoy, "to swim", as compared with Old Jav. lañhuy. — The p has disappeared as in the parallel ulau, "island", beside the very widespread pulaw; the h is to be regarded as the last remnant of the vanishing p.
30. The diphthong uy becomes u in Hova, so we find afu < apuy, walu, "to change, to turn back", beside Old Jav. waluy. But when a suffix is appended to such word-bases as these, the y is no longer a final and therefore need not dis-
*[In Romanized Malay these diphthongs are commonly written ui, ai, and au, respectively. For the reason why it is preferable (at any rate in works like the present) to adopt the author's spelling, see Essay IV, § 158.]
