Spinosum, spinous, beset with prickles, as Carduus lanceolatus, t. 107, and Eryngium campestre, t. 57. The veins are spinous in Solanum Pyracantha, Exot. Bot. t. 64, &c.
Inerme, unarmed, is opposed to spinous.
Ciliatum, fringed, bordered with soft parallel hairs, as Galium cruciatum, Engl. Bot. t. 143.
Cartilagineum, cartilaginous, hard and horny, as Saxifraga callosa, Dicks. Dr. Pl. n. 63.
Dentatum, toothed, beset with projecting, horizontal, rather distant teeth of its own substance, as Atriplex laciniata, Engl. Bot. t. 165, Hypochæris maculata, t. 225, and the lower leaves of Centaurea Cyanus, t. 277; also Nymphæa Lotus, Curt. Mag. t. 797.
Serratum, serrated, when the teeth are sharp, and resemble those of a saw, pointing towards the extremity of the leaf. Examples of this are frequent, as Urtica, t. 148 and 1236, Rosa, t. 992, &c., Comarum palustre, t. 172, and Senecio paludosus, t. 650; also Dillenia indica, Exot. Bot. t. 2. Some leaves
