from Einhard, and . . . the Vita Caroli is one of the most precious bequests of the early Middle Ages." Henderson's Select Historical Documents, pp. 189–201, "Capitulary of Charlemagne, issued in the year 802." Translations and Reprints (Univ. of Penn.), vol. vi. No. 5, "Selections from the Laws of Charles the Great."
References (Modern).—Hodgkin, Charles the Great, and Mombert, A History of Charles the Great; the first is the best short biography in English. Bryce, The Holy Roman Empire, chaps, iv, v, and xxi, gives a clear view of the import of the restoration of the empire. Emerton, Introduction to the Middle Ages, chaps. xii–xiv. Oman, The Dark Ages, chaps. xx–xxii. Guizot, History of Civilization in France, vol. i, lect. xx (see remarks, page 591). Sergeant, The Franks, chaps, xvi–xxii; an admirable sketch, with a calm and moderate appraisement of Charles' work. West, Alcuin and the Rise of the Christian Schools, and Mullinger, The Schools of Charles the Great; for the influence upon the intellectual life of the Middle Ages of the schools founded by Charlemagne. Freeman, The Chief Periods of European History, lects. iii and iv. Adams, Civilization during the Middle Ages, chap. vii. Davis, Charlemagne.
Topics for Special Study.— 1. The last of the Merovingians. 2. Charlemagne and the Saxons. 3. Romances connected with Charlemagne's expedition against the Mohammedans in Spain. 4. Alcuin and the Palace School. 5. The restoration of the Empire in the West. 6. The tradition of the burial of Charlemagne.
