skull was dug out in a brickyard near the settlement of Střebochovice and lay 2 meters deep in the loess, with some bones of a rhinoceros. Professor Frič came to the conclusion that the appearance of the skull is not in favor of great antiquity, nevertheless, he reports it with that of Podbaba. The writer can only say that there are no reliable data by which to fix the inhumation of the skull in the loess deposit.
(b) Finds in Moravia.
DISCOVERIES IN THE VICINITY OF BRNO, ČEKVENÁ HORA, ŠLAPANICE, HUSOVICE.
The finds of apparently ancient human remains in several other places in the vicinity of Brno besides that described under authentic discoveries, has given rise to a lively scientific controversy. Makovský believed himself justified in regarding these as quaternary stations of man. He published his views for the first time in 1887. but this was subjected in 1889 to a severe criticism by Maška. In his response which appeared in the same year, Makovský maintains his opinions. His notions concerning the quaternary of Moravia are resumed in the Bruenner Festschrift of 1899, and the writer's remarks are based principally on this publication.
At Červená Hora, a little south of Brno, traces of quaternary man were furnished to Makovský by numerous shattered bones of the mammoth, rhinoceros, horse, etc., by traces of incisions or scraping on some of these pieces, and by the evidence of the action of fire on some others. He further cites a few implements of stone and bone, a bleached and perforated fragment of the frontal bone of a horse, a portion of a Dentalium, and three pieces of primitive pottery. Finally several human skeletons were exhumed from close proximity to these objects.
So far as the worked bones are concerned, I must declare that I have seen no piece in the collection of the polytechnic school in Brno which would be incontestably a manufactured instrument or whose form and condition of preservation could not be explained by natural causes, such as pressure, rubbing, gnawing by animals, etc. Layers of charcoal and bones incrusted with ashes exist, as Mr. Makovský mentions. Similar finds were made in many of the brickyards about Brno; Maška equally affirms their existence. The writer himself has seen them at Brno and in the loess at Krems (Lower Austria); E. Schumacher encountered them in the loess of Alsace. They occur, as here, at points where there is no other reason to affirm the presence of man. These phenomena are explainable by fires of the steppes, caused either by the quaternary man or by lightning. According to this hypothesis, we should have to deal in these cases with fires other than those of human beings. I adopt this explanation on account
