with his brother James, who settled in Scituate. William went to Weymouth, took an active part in the affairs of the colony, became a magistrate, and captain of the train-band, which at that time was the highest local military office, and for many years represented the town in the general court, where, owing to his accomplishments as a penman, he was always either clerk or secretary. He was also a member of all the town educational and literary committees, and in the latter capacity was appointed to examine and report on John Eliot's Indian Bible. He is the author of a work on the millennium entitled "A Discourse Concerning Futurities," which was published, with a biographical notice of him, by Thomas Prince (1757). — His son, Samuel, clergyman, b. in England in 1631; d. in Weymouth, Mass., 10 April, 1707, was educated at Harvard, but left before taking his degree, studied theology, and in 1656 became pastor of the church at Weymouth, which post he held for fifty-one years. He preached the election sermon in 1674, 1683, and 1689, and was a "person of such deep and extensive views that the governor and council would send for him to come fifteen miles to aid them with his advice and wise observations." He declined the presidency of Harvard in 1686, but for many years was a fellow of the corporation.
TORRUBIA, José, Spanish naturalist, b. in Granada, Spain, late in the 17th century; d. in Rome, Italy, in 1768. He entered the order of the
Barefooted Franciscans, in the convent of St. Peter of Alcantara, in Granada, went as missionary to the Philippine islands, and was secretary to
the commissary-general of the religious orders in
Mexico. When this official attempted to reform
some of these orders, they rose against him, and
after his death in 1748 Torrubia was imprisoned
for four months, when he was released, by the
syndic-general of the Franciscans, who sent him
to Cadiz. He went to Rome, was appointed president
of the Franciscan chapter of the province of
Mexico, and filled several other posts of responsibility
in his order. He travelled through various
Asiatic countries, and spent some time in every
Spanish province in South America. He knew
several Indian languages, while his acquaintance
with those of Asia and Europe acquired for him a
great reputation, both in Italy and Spain, and
scientists of note visited him in his cell. He
published many works, of which the most important are
“Disertación histórica geográfica sobre la América
del Sur” (Madrid, 1742); “Descripción poética de
la planta Gia que se halla en los campos de la
Habana” (1744); and “Aparato para la historia
natural de la Nueva España” (1754).
TOTEPEHU (to-tay-pay-hoo'), fourth king of
Tollan, Mexico; d. in 927. He was the son of
Huetzin, whom he succeeded on the throne in
875, and under his reign arts and agriculture flourished
in Tula or Tollan, which was the cradle of
culture for the plateau of Mexico. Thence, after
the destruction of the Toltec kingdom, civilization
spread on its southward march to Tehuantepec,
Central America, and probably Yucatan. Totepehu
was succeeded by his son, Nacaxoc.
TOTIRI, Stephen (to-tee'-ree), Indian convert,
lived in the first half of the 17th century. He
resided in the town of St. Joseph, where he was
regarded as a saint. When missionaries came to his
village in 1641 he offered his cabin for a chapel,
and, after their departure, instructed the catechumens
in Christian doctrine. In 1643 he accompanied
Father Jogues, and was captured with him
by the Iroquois, but he eluded their vigilance and
escaped to his own country, where he preached the
gospel in every direction. The French missionaries,
having been forced to discontinue their work
among the Attiwandaronks, a tribe known as the
“neutral nation,” in 1644, Totiri went thither. He
explained the Christian doctrine by means of
symbols, and the curiosity that he excited resulted in
his making many converts. He returned to his
tribe in 1646. On one occasion, after vainly trying
to save an Iroquois prisoner that was about to be
put to death, he instructed him in the Christian
faith, and, although threatened with death by his
kinsmen, baptized the Iroquois before he was sent
to the stake. A number of his tribe remained
heathens, and he several times nearly lost his life.
But his calmness and courage eventually prevailed,
and the village gradually submitted to his control.
TOTOQUIYAUHTZIN (to-to-ke-yah-oo-tseen'),
king of Tlacopan, or Tacuba, Mexico, d. in 1469.
He was a grandson of Tetzotzomoc, king of
Azcapotzalco, by his son Tayatzin, and when the latter,
who had been aided by Chimalpopoca, king of
Mexico, was murdered by his brother, Maxtla,
Tayatzin's orphan son was fostered by Izcohuatl.
When the latter defeated Maxtla in 1430, and
destroyed the capital and monarchy of Azcapotzalco,
he erected part of the conquered territory into a
kingdom, which he gave, with the assent of
Netzahualcoyotl, to Totoquiyauhtzin. The latter was
succeeded in 1469 by his son, whom, in memory
of his father's first protector, he had named
Chimalpopoca. — His grandson, Totoquiyauhtzin
II., succeeded his father in 1487, and was in turn
succeeded in 1503 by his son, the unfortunate
Tetlepanquetzal.
TOTTEN, Benjamin J., naval officer, b. in the West Indies in 1806; d. in New Bedford, Mass., 9 May, 1877. He entered the navy as a midshipman, 2 March, 1823, became a passed midshipman, 20 Feb., 1830, was promoted to lieutenant, 29 March, 1834, and was commissioned a commander, 14 Sept., 1855. He was in charge of the sloop "Vincennes" in 1858-'60 on the coast of Africa to suppress the slave-trade, and the " Brandy wine " of the North Atlantic squadron, 1862-'3, most of the time being stationed at Hampton Roads, Va. He was placed on the reserved list in July, 1862, and served at the naval rendezvous at New Bedford, Mass.. during the rest of the war after May, 1863. He was retired, 1 Oct., 1864, and promoted to commodore on the retired list, 4 April, 1867, after which he was governor of the naval asylum at Philadelphia for two years. He was the author of "Totten*s Naval Text-Book" (Boston, 1841; revised eds., New York, 1862 and 1864).
TOTTEN, George Muirson, civil engineer, b. in New Haven, Conn., 28 May, 1809 ; d. in New York city, 8 June, 1884. He was educated in Capt. Alden Partridge's military academy in Middletown. Conn., and began work as a civil engineer on the Farmington canal in 1827. Subsequently he went to Pennsylvania and was there employed upon the Juniata canal. In 1831 he was one of the engineers of the Delaware and Raritan canal in New Jersey, and in 1835 he was engaged in building the railroad from Reading to Port Clinton. For several years following he was emploved in building railroads in Virginia, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina. In 1843 he was appointed engineer-in-chief of the canal del Dique, which connects Magdalena river with the harbor of Carthagena in Colombia, lie was appointed in 1850 engineer-in-chief of the Panama railroad, and spent twenty-five years among difficulties of every sort in the completion of this arduous task. In 1879 he was associated with Ferdinand de Lesseps on the commission that
