"American Society " (2 vols., London, 1870) ; " The Eastern Question : Modern Greece-" (Boston, 1877); "Principalities of the Danube: Servia and Rou- mania " (1877) ; " Beaconsfield " (New York, 1878) ; " Young Folks' Heroes of History," including " Vasco da Garaa," " Pizarro," " Magellan," " Marco Polo," " Raleigh," and " Drake " (6 vols.. Boston, 1878-'82) ; " Modern Prance, 1851-'79 " (New York, 1879) ; " Certain Men of Mark " (1880) ; " England and Russia in Asia " (1885) ; " England in Egypt " (1885); "Young People's History of England" (1886) ; and " Young People's History of Ireland " (1887). He has translated several French works into English.
TOWLER, John, educator, b. in Rathmell,
Yorkshire, England, 20 June, 1811. He was edu-
cated at the Giggleswick grammar-school and was
admitted a member of St. John's college, Cam-
bridge, in 1833. After coming to this country he
was elected in 1850 professor of modern languages
and literature in Geneva (now Hobart) college, at
whose medical department he was graduated in
1855. From 1853 till 1872 he was its professor of
chemistry, toxicology, and medical jurisprudence,
and dean of the medical faculty. Subsequently,
when this institution was merged into the Syracuse
school of medicine, he was given the chair of anato-
my, and in 18G8 was transferred to the chair of
civil engineering and chemistry in Hobart. These
places he resigned in 1882 to become U. S. consul at
Trinidad, British West Indies, where he remained
until 1886. Since that time he has devoted his at-
tention to literary work at Orange, N. J. Prof.
Towler was co-editor of Hilpert's " German and
English Dictionary " (4 vols., Carlsruhe, 1846), and
he also edited after Hilpert's death an abridged
edition of the " Dictionary " (2 vols., Pforzheim,
1846-'7). He was editor of " Humphrey's Journal
of Photography and the Allied Arts and Sciences "
and " The American Photographic Almanac " in
1864-'7, and for five years subsequent to 1867 he
wrote an article each month for the " Philadel-
phia Photographer." He published translations of
Schiller's " Don Carlos," " Die Braut von Messina,"
and " Die Rauber " in the same metre as the origi-
nal (Carlsruhe, 1845-'8), and made translations of
German war songs. His other works include " Der
kleine Englander" (Carlsruhe, 1845): "The Silver
Sunbeam ' ? (New York, 1863); "Dry Plate Photog-
raphy" (1865); "The Porcelain Picture" (1865);
"The Magic Photography" (1866); "The Nega-
tive and the Print " (1866) ; " The Tannin Process "
(1867); and "The Photographer's Guide" (1867);
and he has translated Karl Friedrich Rammels-
berg's " Guide to a Course of Quantitative Chemi-
cal Analysis " (Geneva, 1871).
TOWLES, Catherine Webb, author, b. in Char-
lemont, Mass., 25 Oct., 1823. She was the daugh-
ter of Rufus Barber, of Worcester, Mass., and has
been a teacher. She began to write verses for the
newspapers at an early date, and at the death of
her father in 1846 she removed to the south. She
was editor of the " Family Visitor " in Madison,
Ga., in 1849-'52, in 1861 became connected with the
"Southern Literary Companion," and in 1866 be-
came editor and proprietor of " Miss Barber's
Weekly," which she continued till her marriage to
John C. Towles, of Lafayette, Ala., in 1867. In
1884 she married Jett T. McCoy, who has since
died. She now resides at Columbus, Ga. She has
received honorary degrees from southern colleges.
She has published " Tales for the Freemason's Fire-
side" (New York, 1859); "The Three Golden
Links " (Cassville. Ga., 1857) : and " Poor Claire, or
Life Among the Queer" (1888).
TOWN, Ithiel, architect, b. in Thompson, Conn.,
in 1784; d. in New Haven, Conn., 13 June, 1844.
He became associated with Alexander J. Davis in
1829, and the two opened an office in New York.
Among the more important of their works were
the state capitol in New Haven, the city-hall in
Hartford, Conn., and the capitols of Indiana and
North Carolina. Town also built several bridges,
including one over the James river, near Rich-
mond, Va. He was the possessor of a fine library
of books on art, a portion of which went to Yale
college. He was one of the original members of
the Academy of design, New York, and travelled
in Europe in 1829-30. He published "Descrip-
tion of his Improvements in the Construction of
Bridges " (Salem, 1821) ; " School-House Architec-
ture " ; " Sir George Collier's Journal in the 'Rain-
bow,' 1776-'9" (New York, 1835); and "Atlantic
Steamships : On navigating the Ocean with Steam-
ships of Large Tonnage " (1838).
TOWN, Salem, educator, b. in Belehertown,
Mass., 5 March, 1779 ; d. in Greencastle, Ind., 24
Feb., 1864. He resided at Aurora, N. Y., was for
forty years a teacher in New York state, and at
one time a member of the New York senate. He
died while on a visit to Greencastle. He Mas the
author of " System of Speculative Masonry " (New
York, 1822);*" An Analysis of Derivative Words
in the English Language " (1830); and otherschool-
books. With Nelson M. Holbrook, he published
a series of school-readers, of which many millions
of copies have been sold.
TOWNS, George Washington Bonaparte, statesman, b. in Wilkes county, Ga., 4 May, 1801 ; d. in Macon, Ga., 15 July, 1854. His father, John, a Virginian and a soldier of the Revolution, served
with credit at the battles of Cowpens and Eutaw.
The son began life as a merchant, but afterward
studied law, and, removing to Alabama, was admit-
ted to the bar in 1824. After editing a political
newspaper there, he returned to Georgia in 1826,
settled in Talbot county, where he practised law,
and served in both branches of the legislature. He
was elected to congress, and served from 1835 till
1839 and from 1845 till 1847. In the latter year
he was elected governor of Georgia for two years,
and at the end of his term he was re-elected.
TOWNSEND, Edward Davis, soldier, b. in Boston, Mass., 22 Aug., 1817. His paternal grandfather, David was a surgeon in the Massachusetts line during the Bevolution, and his maternal grandfather was Elbridge Gerry. His father, David S. Townsend, was an officer of the U. S. army and lost a leg at the battle of Chrysler's Field in the war of 1812. Edward was educated at Boston Latin-school and at Harvard, and was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1837. He became 2d lieutenant in the 2d artillery, 1 July, 1837, was adjutant in 1838-'46, promoted 1st lieutenant in 1838,' assistant adjutant-general with brevet rank of captain in 1846, captain in 1848, brevet major in 1852, lieutenant-colonel, 7 March, 1861, colonel, 3 Aug., 1861, and adjutant-general with rank of brigadier-general, 22 Feb., 1869. He served during the Florida war in 1837-8, on the northern frontier during the Canada border disturbances in 1838-41, and thenceforward in the office of the adjutant-general of the army and as chief of staff to Lieut.-Gen. Scott in 1861. He was brevetted brigadier - general, U. S. army, 24 Sept., 1864, " for meritorious and faithful service during the rebellion," and major-general, 13 March, 1865, for "faithful, meritorious, and distinguished services in the adjutant-general's department during the rebellion." He was retired from active service, 15 June,
