Granada, and is a member of several scientific so- cieties, including the Spanish academy and the Academy of history of Madrid. He has written "Memorias sobre las Antigtiedades Neo-Granadi- nas" (Berlin, 1854); " Contribuciones de Colombia a las Ciencias y a las Artes " (Bogota, 1859-'61) ; " Mapoteca Colombiana " (London, 1860) ; " Grama- tica, Frases, y Oraciones de la lengua Chibcha" (Bogota, 1861) ; " Gramatica de la lengua Chibcha " (Paris, 1871) ; " Alfabeto fonetico de la lengua Cas- tellana " (Madrid, 1872) ; and several articles in the " Mosaico."
URQUIZA, Justo Jos6 de (oor-kee'-thah), Ar-
gentine soldier, b. in Arroyo de la China, near the
capital of Entre Rios, 19 March, 1800 ; d. in San
Jose, 11 April, 1870, He was sent by his father to
Buenos Ayres, where he received a good education
in the Jesuit college. In 1820 he established him-
self in business in his native village, but his edu-
cation and dexterity in the use of arms gave him
power over his neighbors, and in one of the
internal revolts he was elected commander of the
National guard. He soon gained influence in poli-
tics, and, as a defender of the federal principle,
was favored by the dictator Rosas. When the latter
gave Manuel Oribe the means to invade Uruguay,
he ordered Urquiza with 4,000 men to assist in the
war, and in 1844 the latter passed the river Uru-
guay, obtained partial success in the encounters of
Arequita and Malbajar. and finally defeated Rivera
at India Muerta on 28 March, 1845, celebrating his
victory by the execution of 500 prisoners. On his
return he was elected in 1846 governor of Entre
Rios, and by arbitrary measures soon amassed an
enormous fortune. No shop of any kind could be
opened without his permit, which was only given
to persons that shared the profits with him, and,
prohibiting the importation of wheat into the state,
he reserved for himself the exclusive right of mill-
ing flour from the crop of his large farms. He
waged a war against the Unitarians of Corrientes,
emulating the dictator Rosas in cruelties, and soon
acquired such an influence that he was in reality
the dictator of Entre Rios. When in 1850 Rosas,
by treaty with England and France, declared the
navigation of the Parana and Uruguay closed to
foreign flags, Urquiza united with the governor of
Corrientes in a protest, and began to intrigue
against the Argentine dictator, and when Rosas,
in the beginning of 1851, went through the cus-
tomary farce of resigning the executive, in the ex-
pectation of being re-elected with increased pow-
ers, Urquiza and Gov. Visaroso, of Corrientes,
accepted the resignation, and declared the sover-
eignty of the two states restored. Urquiza, on 1
May, issued a manifesto, calling upon the nation
to throw off the yoke of the dictator, and on the
29th of that month he concluded, as governor of
Entre Rios, an offensive and defensive alliance with
Brazil and Uruguay against Rosas. He passed
Uruguay river in June with 4,000 men, captured
Paysandu, and, without awaiting Brazilian re-en-
forcements, marched against Oribe, who was still
besieging Montevideo. The whole country rose to
join Urquiza, and Oribe, seeing his cause lost,
capitulated on 8 Oct. Re-enforced by the Uru-
guayan and Brazilian armies, and protected by the
Brazilian fleet, Urquiza repassed the Uruguay and
Parana, and, on 12 Jan., 1852, began his march
with an army of 30,000 men against Rosas. The
latter had fortified his camps of Palermo and San-
tos Lugares, but in the final battle of Monte Case-
ros, on 3 Feb., he was defeated after a short resist-
ance, and fled on board a British ship, Urquiza
marring his victory by the execution of the valiant
Col. Chilabert, the only one of Rosas's chiefs that
had fought well. On 4 Feb. he appointed Dr.
Lopez provisional governor of Buenos Ayres, and
remained encamped in Palermo, whence he sent
all the art treasures that had been accumulated by
Rosas to his country-seat of San Jose. On 6 April
the governors of Entre Rios, Corrientes, and Buenos
Ayres, and a representative of the government of
Santa Fe, declared the national executive restored,
and appointed Urquiza provisional director until
the meeting of a congress. But, instead of con-
voking congress, he summoned a meeting of all
the governors at San Nicolas de los Arroyos, which
on 31 May proclaimed him provisional president.
On the return of Gov. Lopez from San Nicolas,
stormy debates followed in the chamber of depu-
ties, 21 and 22 June, in which Bartolome Mitre,
who had prepared public opinion by editorial arti-
cles in his paper, " Los Debates," took a prominent
part. Gov. Lopez resigned, flying to Palermo, and
Urquiza on the 23d closed the office of " Los De-
bates," arbitrarily dissolved the legislature, and his
opponents fled to escape imprisonment ; but when
the dictator left for Santa Fe, to open the con-
stituent congress, a revolution began in Buenos
Ayres on 11 Sept., which declared the province
independent, electing Valentin Alsina governor.
Urquiza tried to subdue the city, but after an un-
successful campaign raised the siege on 13 July,
1853, and in November of that year was elected
constitutional president for the other thirteen
states, with residence in Parana. The new presi-
dent signed a treaty with France, England, and
the United States, declaring the navigation of the
Parana and Uruguay free to all nations. In 1859
Buenos Ayres was invited to enter the union
again, but refused, and Urquiza marched with the
national troops against the state, defeating the
forces under Mitre at Cepeda on 23 Oct., 1859.
Gov. Alsina resigned, and the new governor agreed
to send deputies to the congress of Parana, on con-
dition that certain reforms should be made in the
Federal constitution, to be proposed by Buenos
Ayres. The latter were accepted by congress on
25 Sept., 1860, and Buenos Ayres sent deputies;
but they were refused admittance on pretext that
the state electoral law was unconstitutional. Bue-
nos Ayres armed again, and under Gen. Mitre sent
her forces to defend her territory, when the new
Federal president, Dr. Santiago Derqui, declared
war against the province, appointing Urquiza com-
mander-in-chief. The opposing armies met on 17
Sept., 1861, at Pavon, and Urquiza was defeated,
retiring with his troops to Entre Rios. After Gen.
Mitre's election to the Federal executive, Urquiza
was again elected governor of his province, and
fitted up his country-seat at San Jose in great
splendor, constructing a large artificial lake by
means of the labor of political prisoners. In this
place he was surprised by an armed party, who
assassinated him and afterward proclaimed Gen.
Lopez Jordan governor.
URRUTIA, Ienacio J. de (oor-root'-yah), Cuban historian, b. in Havana in 1730; d. there in 1798. He studied law in his native city, and in 1755 was
admitted to the bar. He filled several public offices, which afforded him opportunities to collect documents and information about the history of
the island of Cuba, and especially of Havana. In 1787 he retired from public affairs to devote himself to his " Teatro historico, juridico, politico, militar de la Isla Fernandina de Cuba," which was left incomplete. The first volume was published in 1795, and several chapters of the second appeared in the reprint of the first volume in the work that
