the Northwestern Virginia railroad. After his return from Europe he was elected mayor of Baltimore in 1856, and re-elected in 1858. Before the civil war he emancipated his slaves, and he was an earnest supporter of the Union throughout the contest. He was elected governor of Maryland in 1864, and served from 1 Jan., 1865, until 1 Jan., 1869, refusing to leave the executive chair when he was elected U. S. senator in 1866. He was afterward chosen to congress as a Democrat for five successive terms, serving from 4 March, 1869, till 3 March, 1879.
SWARTWOUT, Robert (swart'-out), soldier, b. in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1778 ; d. in New York city, 19 July, 1838. He was the son of Abraham,
a Revolutionary soldier, and became a colonel of New York militia. After serving from August till November, 1812, in his native state, he was appointed quartermaster-general, with the rank of brigadier, 21 March, 1813, and had charge of the 4th brigade in the campaign of 1813 on St. Lawrence river, succeeding to the command on the fall of Gen. Leonard Covington at the battle of Chrysler's Field. After the war he resided in New York
city, where he was a merchant and also agent of the navy. As the result of a political quarrel he fought a duel with Richard Riker, recorder of New
York, in which the latter was wounded. — His brother, Samuel, b. in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1783 ; d. in New York city, 21 Nov., 1856, accompanied Aaron Burr in his expedition in 1805, fought in the war of 1812, and afterward became a merchant in New York. He was captain of a city
troop called the Iron Grays, celebrated by the poet Halleck, and was appointed collector of the port of New York by President Jackson, between whom and himself a strong personal attachment existed.
Together with his brothers he owned all the meadows that lie between Hoboken and Weehawken and all the tract between Hackensack river
and the approach to Newark. Fitz-Greene Halleck, in the concluding stanza of one of the "Croakers," says:
" Sam Swartwout ! where are now thy Grays?
Oh, bid again their banner blaze
O'er hearts and ranks unbroken !
Let drum and fife your slumbers break,
And bid the devil freely take
Your meadows at Hoboken."
— His nephew, Samuel, naval officer, b. in New York city, 10 May, 1804; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 5 Feb., 1867, entered the navy as a midshipman, 10 May, 1820, became passed midshipman, 4 June, 1831, and in 1834-'5 cruised in the schooner " Grampus," suppressing piracy in the West Indies, and in 1836-'7 in the " St. Louis " on the same duty. He was promoted to lieutenant, 9 Feb., 1837, was inspector of provisions and clothing at the New York navy-yard in 1841-'5, and cruised in the sloop "Vincennes" in the East Indies in 1845-'7, after which he was stationed at the New York navy-yard until 1850. In 1851 he served on the coast survey. He was promoted to commander, 14 Sept., 1855, and had the steamer "Massachusetts," of the Pacific squadron, in 1855-'7, during which time he had several engagements with Indians in Puget sound. In 1861-'3 he commanded the sloop " Portsmouth," of the Western Gulf blockading squadron, in which he took part in the engagements with Forts Jackson and St. Philip, on the lower Mississippi river, and the consequent capture of New Orleans. He was then placed on waiting orders, his health failed, and he was retired, 10 May. 1866. His sister, Frances, married Admiral Charles II. Bell.
SWARTZ, Joel, clergyman, b. in Shenandoah
county, Va.. 18 Aug., 1827. He received his classical
and theological education in Capitol university,
Columbus, Ohio, being graduated in the theological
department in 1854. In 1855 he was ordained to
the ministry, and in 1868 he received the degree
of D. D. from Wittenberg college, Springfield,
Ohio. He has held various pastorates in Virginia,
Maryland, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, was professor
of church history, pastoral theology, and
homiletics in the theological department of Wittenberg
college, Springfield, Ohio, in 1865-'8, and has been
pastor at Gettysburg, Pa., since 1881. Dr. Swartz
as been a regular correspondent for the “Lutheran
Observer” for sixteen years, and has published two
volumes of poetry, “Dreamings of the Waking
Heart” (Philadelphia, 1877) and “Lyra Lutherana”
(1883). He was chairman of the committee that
edited the “Book of Worship” with tunes.
SWARTZ, Olaus, Swedish botanist, b. in
Norrkjoping, Sweden, in 1760; d. in Stockholm,
18 Sept., 1817. After receiving his education at
Upsala, he travelled in Finland, Lapland, and the
West Indies, and explored the coasts of South
America in 1783, returning with a collection of
rare plants. He was appointed professor of natural
history in the Medico-chirurgical institute in
Stockholm, and became one of the most celebrated
botanists of his time. The genus Swartzia, of
the order Leguminosæ, was named in his honor.
Among his works are “Icones Plantarum
Incognitarium,” illustrating the rare plants of the West
Indies (Upsala, 1794-1800); “Flora Indiæ
Occidentalis” (3 vols., 1797-1806); and “Lichenes
Americani” (Nuremberg, 1811).
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SWATANE, or SHIKELLIMY, Oneida chief, d. in Shamokin, Pa., 17 Dec., 1748. In 1728 he was acting representative of the Five Nations in business affairs with the proprietary government of Pennsylvania. He was appointed its viceroy, and in this capacity administered its tributaries within the province, with Shamokin as his seat. Scarcely a treaty was made between 1728 and 1748 respecting the purchases of land but Shikellimy was present. At his solicitation the Moravians in 1747 began a mission, and erected a smithy in the town. He died a few days after his baptism by the missionaries. — His eldest son, Tachnachdoarus (spreading oak), or John Shikellimy, succeeded him as viceroy. His second son, James Logan, was named for Sec. James Logan, and his third son, John Petty, for a trader. Two sons were killed in battle.
SWAYNE, Noah Haynes, jurist, b. in Culpeper county, Va., 7 Dec, 1804; d. in New York city, 8 June, 1884. His ancestor, Francis Swayne. came to this country with William Penn, and the farm on which he settled near Philadelphia is still in possession of his descendants. Noah's father, Joshua, removed to Virginia, and the son, after
