was a travelling missionary throughout the United States for fifteen years. He was also one of the five founders of the order of Paulists in the United States. (See Hecker, Isaac T.) In 1864 his health compelled him to relinquish his work as a mission- ary and return to his home at Saratoga Springs. and he was afterward made rector of St. Mary's parish, Albany, N. Y., in which post he has since remained. Father Walworth has ever been an ad- vocate of the cause of temperance, and has for several years been vice-president of the Law and order league of the state of New York. He is the author of " The Gentle Skeptic," a work on the authorship and inspiration of the Old Testament (New York, 1860); " The Doctrine of Hell, venti- lated in a Discussion between Rev. C. A. Walworth and William H. Burr, Esq." (1874) ; and " Andia- tarocte, or the Eve of Lady Day on Lake George, and other Poems, Hymns, and Meditations in Verse " (1888). He has also contributed to " Brown- son's Review " and to " The Catholic World," and is well known as a lecturer. — Another son, Mansfield Tracy, novelist, b. in Albany, N. Y, 3 Dec, 1830; d. in New York city, 3 June, 1873, was graduated at Union college in 1849 and at Harvard law- school in 1852, and admitted to the bar in 1855. After practising in Albany with his father for some time, ne abandoned his profession for that of lit- erature, began writing for the " Home Journal," and subsequently composed many sensational ro- mances. He was intentionally shot and killed by his son, whose trial for the crime is celebrated in American law annals. The son was acquitted on the ground of mental aberration, and placed in an insane asylum. Mr. Walworth's books, which at one time had a large circulation, include " Mission of Death " (New York, 1853) ; " Lulu " (1860) ; " Hot- spur" (1861); "Stormcliff" (1865); "Warwick" <1868) ; " Delaplane, or the Sacrifice of Irene " (1872) ; and " Beverly, or the White Mask " (1873). At the time of his death he was engaged on the " Lives of the Chancellors of New York State," and had just completed a " Life of Chancellor Liv- ingston." After his death two works were pub- lished from his manuscripts : " Married in Mask " <1888), and " Tahara, a Leaf from Empire " (1888). —His wife, Ellen Hardin, author, b. in Jackson- ville, 111., 20 Oct., 1832, is the daughter of Col. John J. Hardin, who was killed at Buena Vista. She has been a member of the board of education for three years in Saratoga Springs, and principal, for six years, of a school for young ladies. She is an active trustee of the Saratoga monument associa- tion, and through her instrumentality about twen- ty spots of historic interest on the battle-fields have been recently marked by granite tablets. Mrs. Walworth has published an account of the Burgoyne campaign, with several original maps <New York, 1877), and has contributed to the " Magazine of American History " an account of the battle of Buena Vista — a chapter of the work on which she is now engaged, " The Life of Col. John J. Hardin, and a History of the Hardin Family." She has also written several patriotic and other poems, and has ready a volume of essays on literary, artistic, scientific, and educational top- ics. — Their daughter, Ellen Hardin, author, b. in Saratoga Springs, 2 Oct., 1858, has published " An Old World, as seen through Young Eyes " (New York, 1875), and has now ready a work entitled " The Lily of the Mohawks, or the Life and Times of Katarie Tegokwithi," the first Iroquois convert to the Christian faith. — Another daughter, Reu- bena Hyde, b. in Louisville, Ky., 21 Feb., 1867, has published poems in magazines, and is the au- thor of a comediette entitled "Where was Elsie? or the Saratoga Fairies " (New York, 1888).
WANAMAKER, John, merchant, b. in Phila-
delphia, Pa., in 1838. He was educated in the
common schools, and engaged early in business.
In 1861 he established a clothing-house, to which
he afterward added other branches of business, and
he now has one of the largest retail stores in the
United States. In 1887 Mr. Wanamaker adopted
the system of co-operation in his store, and dur-
ing the first year of its operation over $100,000
was paid to employes in excess of salaries. He
has also organized a savings-bank for employes,
a building association, classes for instruction, and
a library. In 1858 he began a Sunday-school
in southwest Philadelphia, out of which has grown
Bethany Presbyterian church, and he was one of
the founders of the Christian commission, and
president of the Young men's Christian asso-
ciation of Philadelphia in 1870-'83. Mr. Wana-
maker was chairman of the bureau of revenue and
of the press committee, which rendered efficient
service in aid Of the Centennial exposition in Phila-
delphia in 1876.
WANGENHEIM, Frederick Adam Julius
(vong'-en-hime), Baron von, German scientist, b. in
the castle of Wangenheim, near Waltershausen,
duchy of Coburg-Gotha, in 1747; d. in Gumbinnen,
Prussia, 25 March, 1800. He received his
education at Waltershausen, and in 1766 entered
the service of the duke of Coburg as lieutenant.
He passed afterward to the Prussian army and
attained the rank of captain. He came to the United
States in 1777 in the Hessian contingent in the
British service, commanded a squadron of light
cavalry in New York and Pennsylvania in 1778-'83, and
won a reputation for his successful raids. On his
return to Germany he was given the cross of the
Hessian military order, and later re-entered the
Prussian service. He had studied while in North
America the natural history of the country, and
especially the trees and shrubs, and in 1785, in a
memoir to the Berlin academy, showed the
immense advantages that would be derived from the
naturalization of several species of American trees.
On request of the academy he was then sent to
Gumbinnen as director-general of the waters and
forests of eastern Prussia, where he carried on
experiments on a large scale and planted a great
number of American trees. His works include
“Beschreibung einiger Arten von Bäumen die in
Nordamerika wachsen, mit Bezug auf ihren
Gebrauch in den deutschen Wäldern, nach den
Beobachtungen in den nordamerikanischen Provinzen
von 1778-1783” (Göttingen, 1781); “Supplement
zur Wälder-Kultur-Wissenschaft, mit Anwendung
auf die Umpflanzung der Baumarten die in
Nordamerika wachsen” (1787); “Beschreibung der
verschiedenen Holzarten die in Nordamerika
wachsen” (1788); “Betrachtungen über die
Tannen von Preussisch-Litthauen” (1789);
“Betrachtungen über die Weichhölzer die in Nordamerika
wachsen” (1795); and several memoirs in the
“Transactions” of the Berlin academy of sciences.
WANTON, Joseph, governor of Rhode Island, b. in Newport, R. L, in 1705 ; d. there, 19 July, 1780. His father, William (1680-1737), was governor of Rhode Island in W32-'4. The son was graduated at Harvard in 1751, acquired wealth as a merchant, and in 1769 was elected governor. In June, 1775, the assembly of Rhode Island deprived Gov. Wanton of all power, in consequence of his opposition to the will of that body and his supposed sympathy with the royalists, and from that period Deputy-Governor Nicholas Cooke acted as
