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Fremont and went to St. Louis to join him. There he raised six companies of cavalry under the name of the Fremont hussars, which, were afterward con- solidated with the Benton hussars to form the 4th Missouri cavalry, of which he was commissioned colonel in January, 1862. In this capacity he served throughout the war, chiefly in the southwest. He settled in Newport, R. I., in 1867, where he became the manager of Ogden farm. Col. Waring then devoted himself to agriculture and cattle-breeding and to engineering, until the latter occupation re- quired his full attention in 1877. Since that date he has been in active practice as an engineer of drainage. He was appointed in June, 1879, expert and special agent of the 10th census of the United States, with charge of the social statistics of cities, and he has been a member of the National board of health since 1882. After the yellow-fever epidemic in Memphis in 1878 he devised the system of sew- erage that was accepted for that city and since that time has been generally adopted. He has invented numerous sanitary improvements chiefly in connec- tion with the drainage of houses and towns. He has been connected with various journals and edit- ed the " Herd- Books of the American Jersey Cattle Club" in 1868-'81, of which organization he was the founder. His other works are M Elements of Agriculture " (New York, 1854) ; " Draining for Profit and Draining for Health " (1867) ; " Handy Book of Husbandry " (1870, now called " Book of the Farm ") ; " A Farmer's Vacation " (Boston, 1875) ; " Whip and Spur" (1875) ; " Sanitary Drain- age of Houses and Farms " (1876) ; " The Bride of the Rhine " (1877) ; " Village Improvements and Farm Villages" (1877); "Sanitary Condition of Citv and Country Dwelling-Houses" (1877); "Tyrol and the Skirt of the Alps " (New York, 1879) ; " flow to Drain a House " (1885) ; and " Sewerage and Land Drainage " (1888).

WARNER, Adoniram Judson, soldier, b. in Wales, Erie co., N. Y., 13 Jan., 1834. He was edu- cated at Beloit, Wis., and in New York central col- lege. Soon after leaving college he became princi- pal of the Lewiston, Pa., academy and superin- tendent of public schools of Mifflin county, and he was principal of the Mercer union schools from 1856 till 1862. In the latter year he entered the National army as captain in a Pennsylvania regi- ment, and was successively promoted to lieutenant- colonel, colonel, and brevet brigadier-general of volunteers, 13 March, 1865. He participated in several engagements, and was severely wounded at Antietam. After the close of the war he studied law and was admitted to the bar at Indianapolis, Ind., but never practised, and since 1866 has en- gaged in the railroad, coal, and iron business. He was elected to congress from Ohio as a Democrat in 1878, 1882, and 1884. He has published " Ap- preciation of Money" (Philadelphia, 1877) ; " Source of Value in Money " (1882) ; and various pamphlets on the silver and other economic questions.

WARNER, Charles Dudley, author, b. in Plainfield, Mass.. 12 Sept., 1829. His father, a man of culture, died when Charles was five years old. During his early boyhood he had access to few books except biblical commentaries, biographies of austere divines, and some Calvinistic treatises, but he was fond of study, especially of the classics, and in 1851 was graduated at Hamilton with the first prize for English. He has embodied his recollec- tions of his youth in New England in one of his most popular works, " Being a Boy " (Boston, 1877), which is partly an autobiography, and a faith- ful and amusing picture of rural life in a Calvin- istic New England neighborhood fifty years ago. While in college he contributed to the " Knicker- bocker " and " Putnam's Magazine." He also pre- pared a " Book of Eloquence " (Cazenovia, N. Y., 1853), which displayed a critical and appreciative judgment. He joined a surveying party on the Missouri frontier in 1853, became familiar with va- ried phases of frontier life, re- turned to the east in 1854, and was graduated at the law department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1856. He then practised his pro- fession in Chica- go, 111., till 1860, when he returned to the east and be- came assistant edi-

tor of the "Press,"

an evening newspaper in Hartford, Conn., of which he assumed control in the following year. In 1867 the "Press" was consolidated with the " Courant," of which he became a co-editor. He spent fourteen months abroad in 1868-'9, and gained reputation by a series of foreign letters to that journal, which were widely copied. He sub- sequently travelled extensively in Europe and the East, on his return resumed the editorship of the " Courant," and in 1884 became a co-editor of " Harper's Magazine." His most important work in connection with that monthly has been a series of papers beginning with " Studies in the South," followed by "Mexican Papers" and "Studies in the Great West," in which the educational, politi- cal, and social condition of these states are care- fully discussed. He has also interested himself in the treatment of social science topics in Con- necticut, and was for several years a member of the State commission on prisons, and of the Na- tional prison association. He has delivered lec- tures before educational and other societies, which for the most part have been pleas for a higher in- dividual and national culture, for an enlargement of our collegiate courses, and an improvement in their methods. These include an address at Bow- doin on " Higher Education " (Brunswick, Me., 1871), a series of lectures on " Literature in Rela- tion to Life," delivered before the law department of Yale (1884), address at the unveiling of Paul Gerhardt's statue of Nathan Hale in the capitol at Hartford (1887), that before the literary societies of Washington and Lee university, Lexington, Va., 1888, and one on " Shelley " (1888). He was an ar- dent Abolitionist during the anti-slavery agitation, and has been a Republican since the formation of the party. Yale gave him the degree of A. M. in 1872, and Dartmouth the same honor in 1884. His career as an author began in 1870. In the spring and summer of that year he wrote for the "Courant " a series of sketches, lightly and humorously depict- ing the experiences of an amateur gardener, into which were woven caustic comments on some of the foibles of social and political life. These papers were published in book-form, with an introduction by Henry Ward Beecher, under the title of " My Summer in a Garden," and met with immediate favor (Hartford, 1870). It was followed by " Saun- terings," reminiscences of the author's travels on the European continent (Boston, 1870), and " Back- log Studies " (1872), a collection of essays, a part