Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1889, volume 6).djvu/531

doubtless improved by his training abroad, are yet distinctively individual, with no mannerism result- ing from foreign influence. His works, mostly pictures of American scenery, include " The Schut- zenfest " (1857) ; " The Roman Campagna " and "The Ruins of Tusculum " (1859) ; " The Old Hunt- ing Grounds " (1864) ; " Berkeley's Seat, Newport " (1866) ; " The Rocky Mountains from the River Platte" (1868); "Forest Brook" (1873); "Trout Brook " (1875) ; " Twilight on the Hudson " and " Sunny Day in the Woods " (1883) ; " The Plains of Colorado " (1884) ; and " Afternoon in the Woods " and " A Brook among the Hills " (1887).

WHYTE, William Pinkney, senator, b. in Baltimore, Md., 9 Aug., 1824. His grandfather, Dr. John Campbell White, was a native of Ire- land, who settled in Baltimore about 1800, and his mother was Isabella, daughter of William Pink- ney. The son was educated by a private tutor and at Baltimore college. After serving about two years in the banking-house of Peabody, Riggs and Co., of which George Peabody had been the head, he studied law in Baltimore, and completed his course at Harvard, and in 1846 he was admitted to the bar of Maryland. He served in the legis- lature in the session of 1847, and in 1848 was ap- pointed by John Y. Mason, secretary of the navy, as judge-advocate of a court-martial, of which Cap- tains Farragut, Buchanan, Barron, and others were members, at the U. S. naval academy, Annapolis. He was elected comptroller of the treasury of Mary- land in 1853, and in 1868 he was a delegate to the Democratic national convention at New York. When Reverdy Johnson became U. S. minister to Great Britain in 1868, Mr. Whyte was appointed to the U. S. senate by the governor of Maryland, to fill the vacancy that was thus created. He served until 3 March, 1869. In 1871 he was elected governor of Maryland, but in 1874 he resigned that office to en- able the legis- lature to choose his successor, on his election to the U. S. senate. He took his seat in the senate, 4 March, 1875, and served until 3 March, 1881. In 1874 he received the degree of LL. D. from the Uni- versity of Mary- land. During that year he was counsel for the state, being ap-

pointed by the

governor, in the trial of the boundary dispute be- tween Maryland and Virginia, which was submitted to the arbitration of Judge Jeremiah S. Black, ex-Gov. Charles J. Jenkins, of Georgia, and Sena- tor James B. Beck, of Kentucky. In the autumn of 1881 he was elected mayor of Baltimore without opposition, and he served till November, 1883. In 1887 he was chosen attorney-general of Maryland, which office he now holds.

WIBERG, Andreas, Swedish clergyman, b. in Tuna, Helsingland, Sweden, 17 July, 1816 ; d. early in November, 1887. He was graduated at the University of Upsala in 1843, ordained the same year, and in 1843-'51 was a minister of the Lu- theran state church of Sweden. In 1852 he united with the Baptist denomination, and immediately afterward he came to this country. In 1852-'3 he was colporteur evangelist in the service of the American Baptist publication society among sail- ors in New York and Swedish emigrants in the west, and in 1855 he was sent to Sweden by the same society as superintendent of colportage, and has labored there ever since. He has published, in Swedish, "Who is to be Baptized?" (Upsala, 1852); " Christian Baptism as set Forth in the Holy Scrip- tures," in English and Swedish (Philadelphia, 1854); " Translation of the Gospel according to St. Mat- thew, with Commentary " (Stockholm, 1858) ; " The Doctrine of the Holy Scripture on Sanctification " (1868); "The Doctrine of Justification" (1869); " Come to Jesus " (1869) ; " Unity of Christians " (1878) ; " The Victorious Reign of Christ " (Chris- tiana, 1883) ; and " The Church " (1884). He edited " The Evangelist " from 1856 till 1873.

WICKERSHAM, James Pyle, educator, b. in Chester county, Pa., 5 March, 1825. He is of the fifth generation in direct descent from Thomas Wickersham, who in 1701 settled on a 1,000-acre tract of land in Chester county that had been deeded by William Penn in 1682 to his father-in- law, Anthony Killingbeck. The Wickersham fami- ly came from the parish of Bolney, county of Sus- sex, England. James received a good education in the public schools and at Union ville academy, near his birthplace. When he was sixteen years old he was teacher in a public school, and in 1845 he became principal of the Marietta (Pa.) academy. He was the first county superintendent of Lan- caster county in 1854, and in 1855 he opened the normal school at Millersville, Pa., which in 1859 became the first state normal school in Pennsyl- vania. In 1866 he was appointed state superintend- ent of public instruction, and held that post for nearly fifteen years. He assisted in the organiza- tion of the Lancaster county educational associa- tion, and became its second president in 1863. He helped to organize the Pennsylvania state teachers' association, was its fourth president in 1855, as- sisted at the organization of the National educa- tional association, and was its seventh president in 1865. He was twice elected president of the National department of school superintendents. In 1863 he raised a regiment of soldiers for three, months' service, and commanded it during the Gettysburg campaign. Lafayette gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1871. In 1882 he was appointed U. S. minister to Denmark. He has written on edu- cational subjects for magazines and newspapers. For ten years (1871-81) he was editor of the " Pennsylvania School Journal." His " School Economy " (Philadelphia. 1864) and " Methods of Instruction " (1865) have been translated into the Spanish, French, and Japanese languages. His most elaborate work is the " History of Education in Pennsylvania " (1886).

WICKES, Lambert, naval officer, b. in New England about 1735; d. at sea on the banks of Newfoundland in 1778. He was among the first naval officers that were appointed in the war of independence, his first commission being dated 22 Dec, 1775. In the summer of 1776 he commanded the brig " Reprisal," and in a cruise to the West Indies he captured the British ships " Friendship " and " Shark " and the schooner " Peter." On his return in July he took Benjamin Franklin to France in the " Reprisal," which was the first American war-ship that ever visited Europe. On this cruise he captured two British brigs in November, 1776. After his arrival in France with his prizes, which were sold, he sailed on a cruise in the Bay of Bis-