St. Augustine, Benicia, and in 1876 head of St. Mary's of the Pacific, a school for girls, and rector of St. Paul's church in that city. He was elected bishop of Louisiana in 1879. but declined.
WINKLER, Edwin Theodore, clergyman, b.
in Savannah, Ga., 13 Nov., 1823 ; d. in Marion,
Ala., 10 Nov., 1883. He was graduated at Brown
in 1843, and received his theological education at
Newton theological seminary. Having been or-
dained to the Baptist ministry, he preached in Co-
lumbus and Albany, Ga., and in Gillisonville, S. C.
In 1852 he became corresponding secretary of the
Southern Baptist publication society, and editor of
the " Southern Baptist," residing in Charleston,
S. C. In 1854 he was called to the pastorate of the
1st Baptist church in that city. Subsequently he
was pastor of the Citadel square church. In 1872
he took charge of the Baptist church in Marion,
Ala., and in 1874 he was made editor-in-chief of
the "Alabama Baptist." In 1858 he received the
degree of D. D. from Furman university. Dr.
Winkler was the author of a catechism for the in-
struction of colored people, and of several published
sermons, addresses, and essays.
WINKLEY, Henry, donor, b. in Barrington,
N. H., 9 Nov., 1803 ; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 9 Aug.,
1888. He was educated at district schools and
at Pembroke academy. On the completion of his
studies he went to Boston, Mass., and was employed
in a crockery-store. Subsequently he engaged in
that business for himself, and was an importer of
china-ware in New York and Philadelphia from
1831 till 1852. In the latter year he retired from
business, and thereafter devoted himself to the
study of religious, social, and political economy,
in the pursuit of which he travelled throughout
the world. He was not married, and divided his
fortune among such educational institutions as he
considered orthodox. Mr. Winkley gave to Will-
iams college, $50,000 ; to Phillips Exeter academy,
$30,000; to Bowdoin college, $70,000; to the Theo-
logical seminary at Bangor, Me., $30,000 ; to that
at Andover, $45,000 ; and to the one at Yale, 50,-
000 ; to Dartmouth college, $80,000 ; and to Am-
herst college, $30,000. All these bequests are di-
rected by the will to constitute permanent funds,
the income of which is to be applied for the benefit
and purposes of the institutions as the trustees
may think best. Mr. Winkley left to the American
Bible society $20,000, and to the Young men's
Christian association of Philadelphia $20,000. His
remains were interred in Mount Auburn, where he
had built a granite mausoleum in a lot that was
the only piece of real estate he ever owned.
WINXOCK, Joseph, astronomer, b. in Shelby
county, Ky., 6 Feb., 1826 ; d. in Cambridge, Mass.,
11 June, 1875. He was graduated at Shelby col-
lege, Ky., in 1845, where he was appointed professor
of mathematics and astronomy. In 1852-7 he was
one of the computers in the office of the " Ameri-
can Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac " in Cam-
bridge, Mass., and then he was appointed professor
of mathematics at the U. S. naval academy, An-
napolis, Md., but he soon returned to Cambridge as
superintendent of the " Nautical Almanac." In 1859
he relinquished this office to take charge of the
mathematical department of the U. S. naval acad-
emy ; but on the removal of that institution to
Newport, R. I., at the beginning of the civil war,
he resumed charge of the " Almanac." He was ap-
pointed in 1866 professor of astronomy in Har-
vard, and director of the observatory, and subse-
quently he was professor of geodesy in the Law-
rence scientific and mining schools of the univer-
sity. His first work after taking charge of this
observatory was the reduction and publication of
the unfinished work of his predecessors, thus com-
pleting the volume on sun-spots, the catalogue of
zone stars, and of polar and clock stars that has
since been published. Meanwhile the instrumental
appliances were carefully studied and largely in-
creased, not only by the accumulation of new forms,
but by the introduction of improved apparatus of
his own device. The meridian circle was procured
through his influence at a cost of $12,000. In 1870,
when the new instrument was ready for use, it was
directed upon the zone of stars between 50° and
55° of north declination, which was the field as-
signed to the Harvard observatory by the Astrono-
mische Gesellschaft. His other work included a
catalogue of new double stars and much labor on
stellar photometry. He was further active in the
efforts that have resulted in furnishing standard
time to Boston. In 1872 he began the preparation
of a series of astronomical engravings to represent
the most interesting objects in the heavens as they
appeared in the powerful instrument of the ob-
servatory. Thirty-five plates were completed at the
time of his death, and included representations of
the planets, sun-spots, protuberances, and corona ;
the moon's craters and geography, seven of the
most famous clusters and nebulaa, the Donati comet
of 1858 and Coggia's comet of 1874. He held the
office of consulting astronomer of the U. S. coast
survey, and in 1874 was appointed chairman of the
commission that was established by act of congress
for making inquiries into the causes of steam-boiler
explosions. Prof. Winlock had charge of the party
that was sent by the U. S. coast survey to Kentucky
to observe the total solar eclipse of August, 1869,
and conducted the expedition to Spain, under the
same auspices, to observe the eclipse in December,
1870. The degree of A. M. was conferred on him
by Harvard in 1868, and he was a member of vari-
ous scientific societies, including the American
academy of arts and sciences. In 1863 he was
named by act of congress as one of the corporate
members of the National academy of sciences. His
published works consist chiefly of a set of " Tables
of Mercury," of other publications from the office
of the "American Ephemeris," and of brief papers
in astronomical journals and in the proceedings of
scientific societies of which he was a member.
WINSER, Henry Jacob, journalist, b. in the island of Bermuda, 23 Nov., 1833. His father, Francis J. Winser, was an officer in the British navy. He attended the Springfield academy, Bermuda, came to New York in 1851, entered a printing-office as proof-reader, and later became a reporter on the "Times." At the opening of the civil war he accompanied Col. Ephraim E. Ellsworth as military secretary, and afterward was war-correspondent of the New York "Times." After the war he served for a period as city and night editor of the New York " Times," and then as day-manager of the editorial department. In 1867 he attended the French exposition at Paris as regular correspondent for the " Times," and made the trip to Cherbourg in the iron-clad "Dunderberg." In May, 1869, Mr. Winser was appointed U. S. consul at Sonneberg, Germany, and during his twelve years' service he made several valuable reports to the state department, including one on forest-culture. In 1882 he was made chief of the bureau of information of the Northern Pacific railway company, but on the retirement of Henry Villard he returned to journalism, first as assistant editor of the New York " Commercial Advertiser " and afterward as managing editor of the Newark " Advertiser," with which he is still associated.
