St. Louis in 1878-'80, and president of the St. Louis engineer club in 1883-'4. Prof. Woodward was president of the industrial department of the National educational association in 1882-'4, and vice-president of the American association for the advancement of science in 1888, presiding over the section on mechanical science. In 1885 he was invited to present a paper on “Manual Training” before the educational conference in Manchester, England, and afterward he visited the educational institutions of Europe. He has written a large number of papers on mathematical subjects and manual training, which he has contributed to scientific journals and other periodicals. His books are “History of the St. Louis Bridge” (St. Louis, 1882), and “The Manual Training-School: its Aims, Methods, and Results” (Boston, 1887).
WOODWARD, George Washington, jurist,
b. in Bethany, Pa., 26 March, 1809 ; d. in Rome,
Italy, 10 May, 1875. He received an academic edu-
cation, and studied and practised law in his native
town. He was a member of the Pennsylvania
constitutional convention in 1827, president-judge
of the 4th judicial district in 1841-'51, and a judge
of the superior court of Pennsylvania in 1852-'67.
He was chosen to congress as a Democrat in 1866,
and was twice re-elected. He was a delegate to the
National Democratic convention in 1868. His
death occurred during a tour abroad.
WOODWARD, Joseph Janvier, surgeon, b. in
Philadelphia, Pa., 30 Oct., 1833; d. near that city,
17 Aug., 1884. He was graduated at the Philadel-
phia central high-school in 1850, and at the medi-
cal department of the University of Pennsylvania
in 1853. He practised his profession in Philadel-
phia, and also gave private instruction in the use
of the microscope and in pathological histology, and
with Dr. Charles Bishop he conducted a " quiz "
class in connection with the course of instruction
in the University of Pennsylvania. Subsequently
he became demonstrator in operative surgery in
that place and clinical surgical assistant, and then
took charge of the surgical clinic of the univer-
sity. At the beginning of the civil war he entered
the U. S. army as assistant surgeon, serving with
the 2d U. S. artillery in the Army of the Potomac,
and then became chief medical officer of the 5th
division in the Department of Northeast Virginia,
being present at the first battle of Bull Run. Later
he became medical officer of three light batteries
in Gen. Philip Kearny's division in the Army of
the Potomac. In May, 1862, he was assigned to
duty in the surgeon-general's office in Washington,
and charged with the duty of collecting materials
for a medical and surgical history of the war and
for a military medical museum. At the close of
the war he received the brevets of captain, major,
and lieutenant-colonel, and on 28 July, 1866, he was
commissioned captain and assistant surgeon. Soon
after his assignment to Washington his attention
was directed to experiments in photo-micrography,
and he improved the old methods and devised
new ones for this class of work. His publications
in this direction gave a powerful stimulus to the
construction of microscopic objectives, and the
great improvements that have been made in these
instruments of research are due chiefly to his labors.
He was made surgeon with the rank of major on
26 June, 1876. Dr. Woodward was associated in
the management of President Garfield's case after
he was shot, and the confinement, anxiety, and
labor to which he was subjected during the presi-
dent's long illness proved too great for him and
hastened the sickness that terminated his life. In
addition to his connection with scientific societies.
including his election in 1873 to *he National
academy of sciences, he was president of the Amer-
ican medical association and of the Philosophical
society of Washington. He published about 100
single papers, and in book-form " Outlines of the
Chief Camp Diseases of the U. S. Armies" (Philadelphia, 1863) and " The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion " (2 vols., Wash-
ington, 1870-9). — His sister, Annie Aubertine
Woodward-Moore, translator, b. in Montgomery
county, Pa., 27 Sept., 1841, was educated in Phila-
delphia, studied music with Carl Gartner, and gave
successful piano recitals and concerts in Boston,
Philadelphia, and New York. She also early de-
voted herself to literary pursuits, and translated
extensively from the French and German. She
was occupied in translating from the Scandinavian
tongues with Rasmus B. Anderson in 1876, and
for twelve years was busy preparing English ver-
sions of Bjornstjerne Bjornson's novels (Boston,
1881-'2), and of Georg Brande's " Authors of the
Nineteenth Century " (New York, 1886). She has
resided in Madison, Wis., since 1877, was a founder
of the Wisconsin conservatory of music, and has
lectured extensively, especially on Norwegian lit-
erature and music. She married Samuel H. Moore
in 1887. Mrs. Moore has published most of her
writings under the pen-name of " Auber Forestier."
They include, besides the translations that have
been noticed, English versions from the German of
Robert Byr's " Sphynx " (Philadelphia, 1871) ; " The
Struggle for Existence" (1873); Sophia Verena's
" Above the Tempest and the Tide " (1873) ; " Sam-
uel Brohl & Co.," from the French of Victor Cherbu-
liez (New York, 1877); "Echoes from the Mist
Land, or the Nibelungen-Lied Revealed " (Chicago,
1880) ; " The Spell-Bound Fiddler," from the Norse
of Kristofer Janson (1881) ; " The Norway Music-
Album," Norway folk-songs, dances, etc., edited
and furnished with English text (Boston, 1881) ;
and " Voice-Culture," from the German (1885).
WOODWARD, Samuel, physician, b. in Watertown, Conn., in 1750 ; d. in Torringford, Conn., 6 Jan., 1835. By economy and industry he succeeded in obtaining sufficient means to enter Yale when he was twenty-six years old, but the class of which he was a member was dispersed by the Revolution, and he was not graduated. He then adopted the profession of medicine, and began practice in Torringford, Conn., where he remained for the greater part of his life. He served in the legislature for several terms, during the last of which he was called the " father of the house," and was chosen its speaker. He was the first in that body to advocate openly Democratic principles after the Revolution, and was the unsticcessful candidate of that party for congress. He established a successful practice, prepared a large number of students for the medical profession, and was active in temperance and other reforms. — His son, Samuel Bayard, physician, b. in Torringford, Conn., 10 June, 1787; d. in Northampton, Mass., 3 Jan., 1850, adopted the profession of medicine, and settled in Wethersfield, Conn., where he became physician to the state prison, and was for several years a member of the state senate. He was a founder of the Retreat for the insane at Hartford, Conn., and in 1832-'46 was superintendent of the Massachusetts state lunatic asylum at Worcester. He then removed to Northampton. Mass., where he practised until his death. Dr. Woodward was a projector of the Massachusetts school for idiotic youth and of an asylum for inebriates. He published essays on diseases of the mind and nerves, and contributed to medical journals.
