ZANE, Ebenezer, pioneer, b. in Berkeley county, Va., 7 Oct., 1747; d. in Wheeling, Va., in 1811. He was of Danish descent. Zane made the first permanent establishment on Ohio river in 1770, on the present site of Wheeling, and built there a block-house called Fort Henry, from where he repelled several attacks that were made by the Indians during the Revolution, the last assault being in 1781. He was a disbursing officer under Lord Dunmore, held several other civil and military posts, and attained the rank of colonel. He owned the land where the city of Zanesville now stands, on Muskingum river. - His sister Elizabeth, b. in Berkeley county, Va., about 1759; d. in St. Clairsville, Ohio, about 1847, had returned from Philadelphia, where she had completed her education, to Fort Henry a short time before its siege by the Indians in September, 1777. Among its defenders were her brothers, Ebenezer and Silas. The ammunition in the fort having been exhausted, Ebenezer Zane remembered that there was a keg of powder in his house, sixty yards distant, but the person that should endeavor to secure it would be exposed to the fire of the Indians. Every man in the fort offered to perform the perilous service but at this juncture Elizabeth Zane came forward and asked permission to go for the powder, giving as a reason that her life was of less value to the garrison than that of a man. She was so importunate that a reluctant consent was finally given. She went out of the gate of the fort, fearlessly passed the open space to her brother's house, which she entered, and, having secured the powder, retraced her steps amid a shower of Indian bullets, entering the fort in safety with her valuable prize. She was twice married and resided at St. Clairsville, Ohio.
ZAPATA, Juan Ortiz de (thah-pah'-tah), Mexi-
can author, b. in Castile about 1620; d. in Chihua-
hua about 1G90. He became a Jesuit, and was at-
tached to the missions of northern Mexico. After
learning the Indian dialects he was vicar of the
parish of Santa Rosa de Cusihuiriachic, where he
labored for about thirty years. He wrote in 1678
a valuable " Relacion de las Misiones que la Com-
pafiia de Jesus tiene en el Reino y la Provincia de
la Nueva Vizcaya," which has appeared in the state
publication, " Documentos para la Historia Mexi-
cana " (6 vols., Madrid, 1860). Zapata's work is also
mentioned in Father Bernard of Bologne's " Biblio-
theca Societatis Jesus" (1715) : in the " Bibliotheca
Scriptorum Societatis Jesus" (Pisa, 1729-'45); and
in Bancroft's " Native Races " (San Francisco, 1883).
ZAPATA-MENDOZA, Juan Ventura, Mexican author, lived in the 16th century. He belonged to the nobility of the former republic of
Tlaxcala, and was cacique of the village of Quia-
huitzlan of that state, but in early life had been
baptized, and submitted to Spanish rule. He was
a man of great learning, and wrote in Aztec a
curious chronicle relating the history of his people
since their immigration to the plateau of Mexico,
under the title of " Cronica de Tlaxcala en Lengua
Mexicana, que contiene todos los succesos de los
Tlaxcaltecos desde su arribo al Pais de Anahuac
hasta el ano 1589." The original manuscript has
not been found in the National library of Mexico,
and may perhaps exist in the archives of the In-
dies in Simancas. Lorenzo Boturini and Fran-
cisco J. Clavigero have published extracts from it.
ZAPATA Y SANDOVAL, Juan, Mexican
R. C. bishop, b. in the city of Mexico in 1545 ; d.
in Guatemala, 9 Jan., 1630. He entered the order
of St. Austin in 1563. was several years professor
of philosophy and theology, and in 1602 was
called to Spain as director of studies of the Col-
lege of San Gabriel de Valladolid. In 1613 he was
nominated bishop of Chiapa, where he founded
a seminary, and in 1621 he was promoted bishop
of Guatemala. In that city he laid the foundation
for the Monastery of the Conception, and insti-
tuted the literary university, and was so prodigal
in charities that he died in debt. He wrote " De
Justitia distributiva et acceptione personarum ei
opposita ; Diceptatio pro Novi Indiarum Orbis re-
rum moderatoribus, summisque regalibus " (Madrid,
1609) ; " Cartas al Conde de Gomera, Presidente de
Guatemala, sobre los Indios de Chiapa " ; and
" Cartas al Rey sobre la Visita y Estado de la Dio-
cesis de Chiapa." The last two, in manuscript,
were used by Father Antonio Remesal in his " His-
toria de Chiapa y Guatemala " (Madrid, 1619), are
now in the archives of the Indies in Simancas, and
are to be published in the government collection.
ZAPIOLA, Jose (thah-pe-o'-lah), Chilian musi-
cian, b. in Santiago in 1802; d. there in 1885.
He early showed great talent for music, and was
sent by his parents in 1824 to Buenos Ayres to
study harmony and composition. On his return
in 1826 he participated in the campaign of Chiloe
as band-master of the 7th regiment, and in 1830,
on the arrival of the first operatic company in
Chili, whose orchestra-leader had died, Zapiola
was called to occupy his place, and soon acquired
fame, so that he was called repeatedly to Lima to
lead the orchestra of the opera there. In 1852 he
was appointed director of the newly founded con-
servatory of music at Santiago, where he educated
many artists, and he may be called the creator of
the musical art in Chili. He founded in 1853 the
weekly " El Semanario Musical." was co-editor of
the " Estrella de Chile," and in 1864 was appointed
director of the choir of the cathedral, which post
he held till his death. His best musical composi-
tions are " Domine ad adjuvandum me" (1835);
a " Requiem " (1836) ; "Himno al triunfo de Yun-
gay" (1840); and "Himno a San Martin" (1842);
and he wrote also a book of historical incidents and
sketches of Chilian customs, " Recuerdos de treinta
anos" (2 vols., Santiago, 1872-'6).
ZARAGOZA, Ignacio (thah-rah-go'-thah), Mexican soldier, b. on the Bav of Espiritu Santo, Tex., 24 March, 1829; d. in"Puebla, Mexico, 8 Sept., 1862. His ancestors were Indians, and he received his primary education in Matamoros, completing his studies in the Seminary of Monterey. He devoted himself for some time to commerce in that city, then entered the national guard, in which he was elected sergeant, and when Santa-Anna created an active militia in 1853, marched to Tamaulipas as captain of a company. He pronounced in favor of the Liberal party in May, 1855, assisted in the victory of Saltillo over Santa- Anna's forces, and was promoted colonel. After the fall of Ignacio Comonfort, Zaragoza joined the forces that opposed the reactionary government of Zuloaga and Miramon, took part in the whole campaign, being promoted brigadier, and during the absence of the general-in-chief, Gonzalez Ortega, commanded the defence of Guadalajara in November, 1860, taking a principal part in the final victory of Calpulalpam, 23 Dec, 1860. Under the government of Juarez he was secretary of war from April till October, 1861, and during the French intervention he volunteered for active service, joining the eastern army under Gen. Uraga, of which soon afterward he was appointed commander, with rank of major-general. He first met the French army at Acultzingo, 28 April, 1862. and retired before superior forces to Puebla, where he fortified the hills of Guadalupe and Loreto temporarily,
