organizations and his missionary plans. In behalf of his church, the count visited England and travelled extensively in Europe, and sent out missionaries to all parts of the world. His first visit to the Western continent was in 1739, to inspect the mission organized among the negroes in the West Indies. In December, 1741, he arrived at New York, and later went to Philadelphia. He visited the Moravian tract on the Lehigh, in Pennsylvania, and gave the name of Bethlehem to the new settlement. The first six months of 1742 cover the period of his most varied activity during his sojourn in Pennsylvania. Besides conducting the deliberations of seven religious convocations, he preached statedly in the Lutheran and Reformed churches, travelled through the rural districts, supplying destitute and isolated neighborhoods with the gospel and the means of education, organized churches, wrote many papers and essays — some theological, others controversial and apologetical — and carried on a large correspondence with friends in England and on the continent. During July and August, 1742, he visited among the Delawares of Pennsylvania and the Mohicans of New York and Connecticut, and in September among the Indians on the north and west branches of the Susquehanna, preaching the gospel and organizing missions. He returned to Europe in January, 1743. For a list of Zinzendorf's writings see “Verzeichniss der Schriften des Grafen Ludwig von Zinzendorf” (Stettin, 1824). See also August Gottlieb Spangenberg's “Life of Zinzendorf” (8 vols.. Barby, 1772-'5; English translation, London, 1838); “Notices of Count Zinzendorf,” by Abraham Ritter (Philadelphia, 1857); and “Moravian Life and Character,” by James Henry (Philadelphia, 1859).
ZOGBAUM, Rufus Fairchild, artist, b. in
Charleston, S. C., 28 Aug., 1849. He received his
art education at the Art students' league, New
York, in 1878-'9, and during 1880-'2 under Léon
J. F. Bonnat in Paris. He has studied many of the
great armies of Europe in field and garrison, and
is known as a delineator of military subjects. He
is a member of the American water-color society.
In 1884 there appeared in “Harper's Monthly” the
first of a series of military articles written and
illustrated by himself, and he has since published
“Horse, Foot, and Dragoons” (New York, 1887).
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ZOLLICOFFER, Felix Kirk, soldier, b. in Maury county, Tenn., 19 May, 1812: d. near Mill Springs, Ky., 19 Jan., 1862. George, his grandfather, was a captain in the Revolutionary army. The family came to this country from Switzerland, and is of ancestry that was ennobled by Rodolphus II. in 1528. Felix K. received a common-school education, learned the printer's trade, and for about a year published a weekly newspaper at Paris, Tenn. He subsequently worked as a printer in Knoxville, Tenn., and Huntsville, Ala. He began at this time to write for public journals, and one of his prose fancies may be found in Field's “Scrap-Book.” From Huntsville he removed to Columbia, Tenn., and took editorial charge of the “Observer.” He served as a soldier, and afterward as a commissioned officer, in the Seminole war, and, returning in 1837, resumed the “Observer” and edited it in the canvass of 1840 in the interest of the Whig candidate. He published and edited also a weekly agricultural paper. In 1841 he became associate editor of the Nashville “Banner,” the organ of the Whig party in Tennessee. He was elected comptroller of the state in 1844, and resigned in 1849. In August of the latter year he was elected a state senator. He was chosen to congress in April, 1853, and served continuously for three terms, attaining reputation as an able debater. He retired from public life in 1859, but was chosen as a delegate to the peace conference of 1861. At the beginning of the civil war he entered the Confederate service with the rank of brigadier-general, 9 July, 1861. When the National army was about to enter east Tennessee by way of Cumberland Gap, Gen. Zollicoffer, with 2,000 men, went by way of Knoxville to the point of threatened attack. Soon after he had established his camp near Mill Springs, on Cumberland river, Gen. George B. Crittenden arrived and assumed command. In the battle that ensued (see Thomas, George H.), Gen Zollicoffer, having ordered an advance, rode forward with several of his staff officers to inspect the enemy's position, and passed by mistake beyond their lines. He endeavored to retrace his route, and was soon in front of the 4th Kentucky regiment, commanded by Col. Speed S. Fry, with whom he exchanged salutes, and rode off undetected (as he wore an oil-cloth overcoat). But one of his staff fired a pistol toward the National line, which was at once answered by a volley that killed Gen. Zollicoffer and two other officers. Another account represents that Gen. Zollicoffer was shot by Col. Speed S. Fry.
ZOOK, Samuel Kosciuzko, soldier, b. in
Pennsylvania about 1823; d. in Gettysburg, Pa., 2 July,
1863. He learned the telegraph business early in
life, and made several discoveries in electric science
that gave him reputation. He settled in New York
about 1848, became connected with several military
organizations, and in 1857 lieutenant-colonel
of the 6th New York militia. His health had
failed, but at the beginning of the civil war he
accompanied his regiment to the seat of hostilities,
and was appointed military governor of Annapolis,
Md. After his return he recruited the 57th
regiment of New York volunteers, was commissioned
colonel, and led it to the Virginia peninsula.
During that campaign he generally commanded a
brigade, and on 29 Nov., 1862, he became
brigadier-general of volunteers. He led the 57th New
York regiment at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg,
and was killed in the latter battle.
ZORRILLA, Francisco (thor-ril'-yah), Spanish
administrator, b. in Murcia about 1490: d. in
Santiago, Guatemala, in 1546. He was a knight of
the order of Santiago, and, after serving as chief
clerk in the office of the council of the Indies, was
promoted treasurer of the city of Santiago de
Guatemala, and sailed with Pedro de Alvarado,
arriving in 1530. He became regidor of Santiago in
1534, and, during the absence of Alvarado, in 1540
was appointed a member of the council of government,
which elected Beatriz de la Cueva regent.
After the death of the latter, 11 Sept., 1541, Zorrilla
assisted Bishop Francisco Marroquin in the
government of Santiago and in rebuilding the city,
which had been totally destroyed by volcanic
eruptions, in which Doña Beatriz perished. Zorrilla
left a valuable manuscript, which is preserved in
the archives of the Indies at Seville and which is
