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sued as a profession in Boston. Among her pic- tures are " The Monk Felix," from Longfellow's " Golden Legend " ; " Evening Prayer at the Way- side Shrine, Germany" (1883); "The Conversion of the Heathen General, Placidus, by a Miracle while Hunting" (1885): "Live-Oak Forest in the Ojai Valley, California" (1887); "St. Paul, the first Hermit," and "A Walk through the Pine Barrens, Florida " (1888). In 1888 she exhibited a large number of landscapes in Boston. She has also devoted much time to writing for the press on hygienic subjects, and is preparing for publication a work on " Physical Culture."

HINTENACH, Andrew, R. C. prelate, b. in Schollbrunn, Baden, Germany, 12 May, 1844. He entered St. Vincent's college, Westmoreland co., Pa., in August, 1854. joined the Benedictine order, 11 July, 1861, and was ordained priest on 12 April, 1867. Since then he has been occupied successively as professor in the college, master of novices, and prior of the monastery until 7 Feb., 1888, when he was chosen abbot of St. Vincent's abbey.

HOFFMAN, Eugene Augustus, clergyman, b. in New York city, 21 March, 1829. He was grad- uated at Harvard in 1848, and from the General theological seminary in 1851, and was ordained a priest in the Protestant Episcopal church. In 1851-'3 he was engaged in missionary work in Elizabethport, N. J., and then was called to Christ church in Elizabeth, N. J., where he continued for ten years, after which he had St. Mary's church in Burlington, N. J., until 1864. During these years he built Christ church and rectory in Elizabeth, St. Stephen's church in Milburn, and Trinity church in Woodbridge, N. J. He was rector of Grace church on Brooklvn heights in 1864-'9. and of St. Mark's church, Philadelphia, Pa., in 1869-79. He then became dean of the General theological semi- nary in New York city, which post he still holds. In connection with his father, Samuel Verplanck Hoffman, he endowed the chair of pastoral theology with $80,000. and on the death of the former his mother contributed $125,000 for the building of the Chapel of the Good Shepherd as a memorial to her husband, and for other purposes she contributed generously during her lifetime to the support of the seminary. The deanery is the gift of Dr. Hoff- man himself, who, in 1864, received the degree of D. D. from Rutgers, and from Racine in 1882. He is the author of " Free Churches," " The Eucharis- tic Week," and other works. — His brother, Charles Frederick, clergyman, b. in New York city, 18 Nov., 1834, was graduated at Trinity in 1851, and was subsequently ordained to priest's orders in the Protestant Episcopal church. In 1872 he was called to All Angels' church in New York city. In 1881 he received the degree of S. T. D. from Rutgers, and has given largely to the support of the Gen- eral theological seminary. Dr. Hoffman, in De- cember, 1888, agreed to erect a new church for his parish, on the west side of Central Park, at a cost of not less than $100,000.

HORTON, Samuel Dana, publicist, b. in Pome- roy, Ohio, 16 Jan., 1844. He is the son of Valen- tine B. Horton (vol. iii.. p. 266). He was graduated at Harvard in 1864 and at the law-school in 1868, studied in Berlin university in 1869-'70, and was admitted to the bar of Ohio in 187L He published in 1876 a treatise on " Silver and Gold and their Relation to the Problem of Resumption," the first of a series of works advocating a settlement of the silver question by joint action of nations. This policy was adopted by congress, and he has been identified with its advancement in Europe as dele- gate to the international monetary conferences of 1878 and 1881, and as an author. The most impor- tant of his later works is " The Silver Pound and England's Monetary Policy since the Restoration " (London, 1877).

HOWARTH, Ellen Clementine, poet, b. in Cooperstown, N. Y., 20 May, 1827. Her maiden name was Doran. She left school at seven years of age to work in a factory, married Joseph Howarth in 1846, and has since resided in Tren- ton, N. J. Mrs. Howarth has published " The Wind- Harp, and other Poems " (Philadelphia, 1864),. and " Poems," with an introduction by Richard Watson Gilder (Newark, N. J., 1868). Her best- known poem is " Thou wilt never grow Old."

HUMBOLDT, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von, German naturalist, b. in Berlin, 14 Sept., 1769; d. there, 6 May, 1859. He studied at the universities of Frankfort and Gottingen, and the mining academy at Freiberg, and from 1794 till 1799 was engaged in scientific research, writing, and trav- el. In 1799 he went to Spain and procured from the king permission to visit and make scientific investi- gations in all the Spanish posses- sions in Europe, America, and the East Indies. Such extensive privi- leges had never be-

fore been granted

to any traveller. His exploration of Orinoco river was the first that furnished any positive knowledge of the long - disputed bifurcation of that stream. In 1802, in exploring the volcanoes of Ecuador, he ascended heights that had not previously been attained, and on Chimborazo reached the altitude of 19,286 feet. Afterward he made a profile of Mexico from sea to sea, the first that was ever given of any entire country. Humboldt then went to Havana, and after two months' residence there completed the materials for his "Essai politique sur File de Cuba" (Paris, 1826). He embarked thence for Philadelphia, was received with cordiality by President Jefferson, and, leaving this country, landed at Bordeaux, 3 Aug., 1804, having spent five years in America, and gained a larger store of observations and collections in all departments of natural science, geography, statistics, and ethnography than all previous travellers. His subsequent life was devoted to the prosecution of scientific research and discovery. His journey in South America is an important event in the history of that country. With his own hands he made the map of the Orinoco and the Magdalena. and the greater part of the atlas of Mexico. He travelled with the barometer in his hands from Bogota to Lima, and made 459 measurements of altitudes, which were often confirmed by trigonometrical calculations. His works include "Ansichten der Natur," a general sketch of the results of his inquiries in America (Stuttgart, 1808), and " Kosmos" (5 vols., 1845-'62). Many biographies of him have been published, the best being "Alexander von Ilumooldt, eine wissenschaftliche Biographic," edited by Karl Bruhns (3 vols., Leipsic. 1872: English translation by Jane and Caroline Lassells, 2 vols., London, 1872). His most impor-