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ments and the priestly character of the ministry. He founded the “Guardian,” and was its editor for seventeen years, compiled numerous church almanacs, edited “The Child's Treasury,” contributed a great number of sketches to the German Reformed church “Cyclopaedia,” and at the time of his death edited the “Mercersburg Review,” and was one of the staff of the “Reformed Church Messenger.” He also wrote quaint poems in the German Pennsylvania dialect. He published “Heaven, or the Sainted Dead” (Philadelphia, 1848); “Heavenly Recognition” (1851); “The Heavenly Home” (1853); “Union with the Church” (1853); “Birds of the Bible” (1854); “Life of Rev. Richard Schlatter” (1857); “The Fathers of the German Reformed Church” (1858); “The True Glory of Woman, and a Plea for the Lord's Portion of a Christian's Wealth” (1860); “The Golden Censer” (1860); “Hymns and Chants” (Lebanon, 1861); and “Christological Theology” (Philadelphia, 1864).

HARBY, Isaac, dramatist, b. in Charleston, S. C., in 1788 ; d. in New York city, 14 Nov., 1828. Isaac's grandfather was a Jewish lapidary of the emperor of Morocco, who, under the displeasure of that monarch, was forced to fly from the coun- try. His son emigrated to South Carolina, and established himself in Charleston. After studying law Isaac taught on Edisto island, and afterward edited " The Quiver," " The Investigator," and the " Southern Patriot," and was favorably known as an essayist and dramatic writer and critic. The year before his death he removed to New York, and contributed to " The Evening Post " and other newspapers. A sketch of his life and writ- ings was published by Henry L. Pinckney and A. Moise (Charleston, 1829). He is the author of the dramas " Alexander Severus " (1807) ; " The Gor- dian Knot " (1807); " Alberti " (1819); and several orations in pamphlet-form.

HARDEE, William Joseph, soldier, b. in Sa- vannah, Ga., about 1817; d. in Wytheville, Va., 6 Nov., 1873. He was graduated at the U. S. military acad- emy in 1838, and after serving in Florida, in the 2d dragoons, he was promoted to a 1st lieutenan- cy, 3 Dec. 1839, and sent by the secretary of war to the celebrated military school of St. Maur, France. While there he was at- tached to the cavalry depart- ment of the French army. He was stationed

for a time on the

western frontier, appointed captain of dragoons, 18 Sept., 1844, and accompanied Gen. Taylor in 1846 across the Rio Grande. His company was the first to engage the enemy at Curricitos, where he was overwhelmed by superior numbers and made pris- oner. He was exchanged in time to take part in the siege of Monterey, and was promoted to major for gallantry on 25 March, 1847. At the end of the war e was brevetted lieutenant-colonel, and a little later was appointed major in the 2d cavalry, of which Albert Sidney Johnston was colonel and Rob- ert E. Lee lieutenant-colonel. About this time he received instructions from the war department to prepare a system of tactics for the use of in- fantry. On the completion of this work, in 1856, he was ordered to West Point as commandant of cadets, with the local rank of lieutenant-colonel ; and there he remained, with the exception of one year, during which he was absent in Europe, un- til the end of January, 1861. He then joined the Confederate army with the rank of colonel, and was assigned to duty at Fort Morgan, Mobile. In June, 1861, he was made brigadier-general, and sent to Arkansas under Gen. Polk. He was soon afterward transferred to Kentucky, where he gained a victory over a small National force at Mumfordsville, 17 Dec, 1861. Events were now shaping for more vigorous work in the southwest. At Shiloh, Hardee's corps, the 3d, formed the first Confederate line, and made the first attack. He was promoted to major-general, and Beauregard, in his report, praised Hardee's skill and general ability. He commanded the left wing at Perry- ville, 8 Oct., 1862, and took a conspicuous part in all the movements at Murfreesboro. For his con- duct at Perryville and throughout the campaign he was appointed lieutenant-general, ranking after Longstreet. After the fall of Vicksburg, Hardee had charge of a camp of paroled prisoners in Alabama. Later in the year he was put in com- mand of the 2d corps under Bragg, and, after the battle of Chattanooga, was temporarily appointed his successor. In May, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston assumed the command, and Hardee resumed his subordinate position. Hardee was relieved at his own request in September, 1864, and appointed to the command of the Department of South Carolina. He finally surrendered at Durham Station, N. C., 26 April, 1865. At the close of the war Gen. Hardee retired to his plantation in Alabama. Hardee's Tactics, or the " U. S. Rifle and Light- Infantry Tactics," the work already referred to (New York, 1856), is eclectic rather than original, and is drawn mainly from French sources.

HARDENBERGH, Jacob Rutsen, clergyman, b. in Rosendale, Ulster co., N. Y.. in 1738; d. in New Brunswick, N. J., 30 Oct., 1790. His ancestor, Johannes, a Prussian by birth, emigrated to this country in the latter part of the 17th century. Jacob was educated at Kingston academy, studied theology under Rev. John Frelinghuysen, and was licensed by the American classis of the Reformed Dutch church in 1758, being the first minister of that church who was not obliged to go to Holland for study, examination, and licensure. Shortly before this he married the widow of his former instructor, who had died suddenly in 1757. and in 1758 succeeded him as pastor of five united congregations near Raritan, N. J., where his ministry was very successful. Princeton gave him the degree of D. D. in 1770. During two winters Washington's army was encamped within the bounds of his parish, and the commanding general was often a guest at his house. He was an ardent patriot, and an object of special enmity to his Tory neighbors. The British general offered £100 for his arrest, and he was accustomed to sleep with a loaded musket by his side. On 26 Oct., 1779, a company of the Queen's rangers, under Col. Simcoe, burned his church to the ground. Dr. Hardenbergh removed to Rosendale, N. Y., in 1781, and in 1785 was elected first president of Queen's (now Rutgers) college, which he had been instrumental in establishing in 1770, but which had not been in active operation, owing to the occupation of New Brunswick by British troops. He also acted as pastor of the Reformed church