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John Adams and Benjamin Franklin in negoti- ating treaties of commerce ; and in January, 1785, was a member of a committee that reported on let- ters that had been received from U. S. ministers in Europe relative to a foreign loan. He was for a time lieutenant-governor of Virginia, and a county in the northern part of that state was named in his honor. He was a friend of Alexander Hamilton, who wrote a poetical tribute to his memory.

HARE, Robert, scientist, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 17 Jan., 1781 ; d. there, 15 May. 1858. He was the son of an English emigrant who early estab- lished a large brewery in Philadelphia, of which the active manage- ment soon fell into the hands of the son. He followed a course of lectures on chemistry and physics in Philadel- Ehia, and before he ad attained the age of twenty was a member of the Chemical society of Philadelphia, to which he communi- cated in 1801 a de- scription of his im- portant discovery of the oxyhydrogen

blow-pipe, which he

called a " hydrostatic blow-pipe." The original paper was published with the title "Memoir on the Supplv and Application of the Blow-Pipe" (Philadelphia, 1802). The elder Silliman, who was engaged with him in a series of experiments with this instrument in 1802-'3, subsequently distin- guished it as the " compound blow-pipe." " This apparatus," says Silliman, "was the earliest and, perhaps, the most remarkable of his original con- tributions to science." He read a supplementary paper giving an " Account of the Fusion of Stron- tites and Volatilization of Platinum, and also a new Arrangement of Apparatus " before the American philosophical society in June, 1803. By means of this apparatus he was the first to render lime, mag- nesia, iridium, and platinum fusible in any consid- erable quantity, and the so-called Drummond and calcium lights are simply applications of the prin- ciples discovered by him. Among his other inven- tions is the valve-cock or gallows-screw, by means of which communication between cavities in sepa- rate pieces of apparatus is made perfectly air-tight. He devised improved forms of the voltaic pile with which the intense powers of extended series of Toltaic couples were used long in advance of simi- " ir combinations in Europe. In 1816 he invented the calorimotor, a form of battery by which a large lount of heat is produced. A modified form of lis apparatus, devised in 1820 and called the de- fiagrator, was employed in 1823 in volatilizing and fusing carbon. It was with these batteries that the first application of voltaic electricity to blast- ' lg under water was made in 1831, and the experi- ments were conducted under the direction of Dr. Hare. He also attained a high reputation as a chemist, and was the author of a process for de- narcotizing laudanum, and also of a method for de- tecting minute quantities of opium in solution. In 1818 he was called to the chair of chemistry and natural philosophy in William and Mary, and dur- ing the same year was made professor of chemistry in the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1847. His course of instruction was marked by the original- ity of his experiments and of the apparatus that he employed, which was frequently of unusual dimen- sions. His valuable collection of chemical and physical apparatus was presented to the Smithso- nian institution on his resignation from his pro- fessorship in 1847. In later years he became a convert to Spiritualism, and lectured in its advo- cacy. Dr. Hare received the honorary degree of M. D. from Yale in 1806, and from Harvard in 1816. In 1839 he was the first recipient of the Rumford premium for his oxyhydrogen blow-pipe, and his improvements in galvanic apparatus. Dr. Hare was a member of the American academy of arts and sciences, of the American philosophical society (1803), and an honorary life-member of the Smithsonian institution. His contributions to sci- entific literature were large. In Silliman's "Amer- ican Journal of Science " alone he published nearly 200 papers. Besides contributions to other scientific periodicals, he was the author of moral essays in the " Portfolio," writing frequently under the pen- name of Eldred Grayson, and of " Brief View of the Policy and Resources of the United States " (Phila- delphia, 1810) ; " Chemical Apparatus and Manipu- lations " (1836) ; " Compendium of the Course of Chemical Instruction in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania " (1840) ; " Me- moir on the Explosiveness of Nitre " (Washing- ton, 1850) ; and " Spiritualism Scientifically Demon- strated " (New York, 1855). — His son, John I n nes Clark, jurist, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 17 Oct., 1816, was graduated at the University of Pennsyl- vania in 1834, and after studying law was admitted to the bar in 1841. Ten years later he was elected associate judge of the district court of Philadel- phia, and in 1867 became presiding judge. In 1875 he was made presiding judge of the court of common pleas in Philadelphia, which office he still holds. He received the degree of LL. D. in 1868 from the University of Pennsylvania, of which he was a trustee in 1858-'68, and in which he was for some time professor of institutes of law. In con- junction with Horace B. Wallace he published " American Leading Cases in Law " (2 vols., Phila- delphia, 1847) : and has edited " Smith's Leading Cases in Law " (2 vols., 1852), " White and Tudor's Leading Cases in Equity " (3 vols., 1852) : and " Hare on Contracts" (1887); also "The New English Exchequer Reports." — Robert's nephew, George Emlen, clergyman, b. in Philadelphia. Pa., 4 Sept., 1808, was graduated at Union in 1826. He was ordained deacon by Bishop White, 20 Dec, 1829, and before his ordination to the priesthood was chosen rector of St. John's church, Carlisle, Pa., where he remained several years. He was after- ward rector of Trinity church, Princeton, N. J. He was assistant professor of Latin and Greek at the University of Pennsylvania in 1844-'5, and subsequently had charge of the academy of the Protestant Episcopal church in Philadelphia, be- ing also rector of St. Matthew's. He undertook after this the instruction of the diocesan training- school, which soon grew into the Philadelphia di- vinity-school. He has continued in the faculty of the latter more than twenty-five years, most of the time as professor of biblical learning, and is now professor of New Testament literature. He served many years on the standing committee of the dio- cese of Pennsylvania, and has been often a dele- gate to the general convention. He was one of the American committee for the revision of the Old Testament translation. Columbia gave him the degree of S. T. D. in 1843, and the University of Pennsylvania that of LL. D. in 1873. — George Em-