1867, but resigned in 1865, having been appointed by President Lincoln secretary of the interior. He was again elected to the senate in 1866, and was a delegate to the Philadelphia loyalists' con- vention of that year. He was chairman of the committee on the District of Columbia and Indian affairs, and also served on those on foreign rela- tions, agriculture, and the Pacific railroad. In 1869 he was appointed president of the Iowa uni- versity. After leaving the senate in 1873 he be- came editor of the " Washington Chronicle." From 1882 till 1885 he was presiding judge of the court of commissioners of Alabama claims.
HARLAN, Richard, naturalist, b. in Phila-
delphia, Pa., 19 Sept., 1796 ; d. in New Orleans, La.,
30 Sept., 1843. Previous to his graduation at the
medical department of the University of Pennsyl-
vania in 1818, he made a voyage to Calcutta as
surgeon of an East India ship. He practised his
profession in Philadelphia, was elected in 1821
professor of comparative anatomy in the Phila-
delphia museum, was a member of the cholera
commission in 1832, and surgeon to the Philadel-
phia hospital. In 1839 he visted Europe a second
time, and after his return in 1843 removed to New
Orleans, and became in that year vice-president of
the Louisiana state medical society. He was a
member of many learned societies in this country
and abroad, and published " Observations on the
Genus Salamandra " (Philadelphia, 1824) ; " Fauna
Americana " (1825) ; " American Herpetology "
(1827) ; " Medical and Physical Researches" (1835) ;
and a translation of Gannal's " History of Embalm-
ing," with additions (1840). — His son, George Cu-
vier, physician, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 28 Jan.,
1835, was educated at Delaware college and in the
medical department of the University of Pennsyl-
vania, where he was graduated in 1858. He was
appointed resident physician of Wills eye hospital
in 1857, of St. Joseph's hospital in 1858, and of the
Pennsylvania hospital in 1859. For some time
during the civil war he served as medical officer on
the gun-boat " Union," and for three years was
surgeon of the 11th Pennsylvania cavalry. He is
now (1887) professor of diseases of the eye in the
Philadelphia polyclinic, and has published numer-
ous papers on his specialty. He is the author of
" Diseases of the Orbit " in Wood's " Reference
Hand-Book," and has revised parts of the Ameri-
can edition of Holmes's " System of Surgery."
HARLAND, Henry, author, b. in New York city,
1 March, 1861. He received his education in the
College of the city of New York and in Harvard,
but was not graduated. From 1883 till 1886 he
was employed in the office of the surrogate of New
York. He writes under the pen-name of Sidney
Luska, and has published " As It was Written "
(New York, 1885): "Mrs. Peixada" (1886); "The
Yoke of the Thorah," and "A Land of Love " (1887).
HARMAND, Louis Gustave, French pilot, b. in Dieppe, France, in 1503; d. in Acapulco, New Spain, in 1549. He had served in the French navy, and in 1541 offered his services to Antonio de Mendoza, then viceroy of New Spain, who attached him to the expedition commanded by Vasquez de Coronado and Fray Marcos de Niza. On his return, Mendoza appointed him chief pilot, and in 1543 sent him to explore the coasts of California. He sailed in a small brig on 20 March, 1543, and kept always in sight of the land, making charts, and advancing three degrees farther than Hermand de Alarcon in the Gulf of California. He rectified the map of Alarcon, and brought back proof that California is not an island, as had been believed. Harmand landed several times, and collected some interesting traditions current among the natives, which he published under the title “Les indigenes de la California” (Paris, 1647). A copy of the original edition, probably the only one now in existence, is in the National library of Paris. It has been reprinted by Ternaux Compans, the historian of the discovery of South America, in his collection. Harmand's map of California is wonderfully exact, considering that the navigator had scarcely any instrument.
HARMAR, Josiah, soldier, b. in Philadelphia,
Pa., in 1753; d. there, 20 Aug., 1813. He was
educated chiefly in Robert Proud's Quaker school. In
1776 he entered the Continental army as captain
in the 1st Pennsylvania regiment, was made
lieutenant-colonel in the following year, and served
until the close of the war. He was in Washington's
army in the campaigns of 1778-'80, and in Gen.
Greene's
division in the south in 1781-'2. In 1783
he was made a brevet-colonel of the 1st U.S. regiment.
He took the ratification of the definitive
treaty to France in 1784, and as Indian agent for
the northwest territory was present when the
treaty was made at Fort McIntosh on 20 Jan.,
1785. He was made lieutenant-colonel of infantry
on 12 Aug., 1784, and in 1787 was brevetted
brigadier-general by resolution of congress. He
became general-in-chief of the army in 1789, and in
1790 he commanded an expedition against the
Miami Indians. He resigned his commission in
1792, and in the following year was appointed
adjutant-general of Pennsylvania, which office he
held until 1799. During this service he was active
in preparing and equipping the Pennsylvania
troops for
Wayne's
Indian campaign of 1793-'4.
HARMONY, David B., naval officer, b. in Eas-
ton, Pa., 3 Sept., 1832. He entered the navy as mid-
shipman on 7 April, 1847, passed that grade in
1853, became lieutenant in 1855, lieutenant-com-
mander in 1862, commander in 1866, captain in
1875, and commodore in 1885. He served on the
" Iroquois " at the passage of Fort Jackson and
Fort St. Philip, and at the capture of New Or-
leans, and took part in many severe engagements
with the batteries at Vicksburg and Grand Gulf.
He was executive officer of the iron-clad " Na-
hant " in the first attack on Fort Sumter, 7 April,
1863, and in the engagement with the ram " At-
lanta " on 17 June, and in all the attacks on de-
fences at Charleston, from 4 July till 7 September.
He held a command in the Eastern gulf squadron
in 1863, and commanded the "Saratoga in the
Western gulf squadron in 1864-'5, taking part in
the capture of Mobile and its defences. He com-
manded a division of eight vessels in an expedition
to Montgomery, Ala., in April, 1865, and in 1867
commanded the " Frolic " in Europe, one of the
vessels of Admiral Farragut's squadron. He was
honorably mentioned in the reports of Com. De
Camp, Com. Palmer, and Com. Downes. He made
his last cruise in 1881, was a member of the exam-
ining and retiring boards in 1883-'5, and is now
(1887) serving as chief of the bureau of yards and
docks, having held this office since 1885.
HARNDEN, William Frederick, expressman, b. in Reading, Mass., 23 Aug., 1813 ; d. in Boston, Mass., 14 Jan., 1845. For five years he was conductor and passenger-clerk on the Boston and Worcester railroad. Early in 1839 he originated the express system of transportation for merchandise or parcels. On 4 March of that year, after public announcement in the newspapers for several days, he made his first trip from Boston to New York as an " express-package carrier." Mr. Harnden proposed also to take the charge of freight and
