was embraced in three days of schooling. At the age of seven he went to work on a farm, where he remained until in his fourteenth year. He then be- came apprenticed to the ship-carpenter's trade, in which he continued until 1843, when, on account of failing health, he sailed for Brazil. In 1852-'7 he was proprietor of a ship-yard at Rio Janeiro, and then engaged in railroad and navigation enter- prises, amassing a large fortune, with which he returned to his native city in 1874. During his thirty years' residence in Brazil he held confiden- tial relations with the imperial government. In 1865 he was sent by the emperor to the United States to purchase iron-clads and armaments, bring- ing with him a letter of credit for £1,000,000, which was shortly followed by another for an equal amount. In 1867 he was sent on a confidential mission to the river Platte to investigate irregu- larities and abuses in the commissariat department of the Brazilian army. In 1869 he was president of the first telegraph company organized in the empire. In 1870, with a few other merchants, he established at Rio Janeiro the first public school in the empire, and during the same year the emperor made him a knight of the Imperial order da Rosa, and afterward a commander of the same order.
HARRIMAN, Walter, governor of New Hamp-
shire, b. in Warner, N. H., 8 April, 1817 ; d. in Con-
cord, N. H., 25 July, 1884. He received an aca-
demical education and began teaching, but be-
came a Universalist clergyman, and in 1841 took
charge of a society at Harvard, Mass. After a few
years he became pastor of a new Universalist
church in his native town. In 1851, having mean-
time engaged in trade, he decided, against the
earnest solicitation of friends, to abandon the min-
istry. In 1849, and again in 1850, he had already
been chosen representative of his town to the gen-
eral court, and in 1853 and 1854 was elected state
treasurer. In August, 1855, he was appointed to
a clerkship in the pension-office at Washington,
but resigned the following January to take part in
the political canvass of that winter, which resulted
in " no choice " by the people. In the spring of
1856 he was appointed by President Pierce on a
commission to classify and appraise the Indian
lands of Kansas. He was again in the legislature
in 1858, and in 1859 and 1860 was elected to the
state senate, his Republican opponent being on
each occasion his own brother. He made speeches
to sustain the Know-Nothing movement in 1855-'6,
canvassed Michigan for Buchanan in company
with Gen. Lewis Cass, and was an earnest sup-
porter of Stephen A. Douglas in 1860. In May,
1861, Mr. Harriman became editor of the i4 Union
Democrat," published at Manchester, N. H., in
which he advocated forcible and immediate ac-
tion against the seceding states. He became colo-
nel of the 11th New Hampshire regiment, was
taken prisoner at the battle of the Wilderness, 6
May, 1864, sent to Macon, Ga., and removed thence
to Charleston, where he was placed, with forty-
nine other northern officers, under the fire of the
National batteries on Morris island. There he was
for fifty-two days, until Gen. Poster, in retaliation,
placed fifty Confederate officers of the same rank
under fire of the guns on Fort Sumter and Fort
Moultrie. This led to an exchange on 4 Aug.,
1864. After returning home and engaging actively
in the campaign of that year in favor of Lincoln
and Johnson, Col. Harriman rejoined his regiment,
and commanded a brigade at Petersburg. In
March, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier-general.
He was elected secretary of state of New Hamp-
shire in 1865 and 1866, and governor in 1867 and
1868. In the last year he made a tour in the mid-
dle and western states, advocating the election of
Gen. Grant. As a political speaker he had few
superiors. He was naval officer at the port of
Boston throughout Grant's entire administration,
removed to Concord, N. H., in 1872, and in 1881
was again chosen to the legislature. Gov. Harri-
man published a " History of Warner, N. H." (1879),
and " In the Orient," a record of a tour through
Europe and the east in 1882 (Boston, 1883).
HARRINGTON, Charles, Earl of, soldier, b.
in England, 17 March, 1753; d. in Brighton, Eng-
land, 5 Sept., 1829. He entered the foot-guards in
1769, when he was Lord Petersham, and in Febru-
ary, 1776, as a captain in the 29th regiment, he ar-
rived at Quebec, and served in all the operations
of Gen. Burgoyne until the surrender at Saratoga,
where he was that officer's aide, and carried his
despatches to England. He succeeded to the earl-
dom in 1779, afterward served in the West Indies,
and was promoted general in 1803. He was cap-
tain, governor, and constable of Windsor castle.
HARRINGTON, Ebenezer Burke, lawyer,
b. near Lyons, Wayne co., N. Y., in 1813 ; d. in
Detroit, Mich., in 1844. He was educated in New
York city, and in 1830-'31 served as reporter of
the senate of that state. He began the studv of
the law in 1832, and compiled a digest of Eng-
lish and American equity cases with the aid of
Oliver L. Barbour (Saratoga, 1837). In June of
the latter year he was admitted to the bar. In
1837 he removed from Saratoga, N. Y., to Michi-
gan, where he was employed with E. J. Roberts
in arranging and indexing the revised statutes of
that state. He was elected a member of the state
senate in 1839. and acted as state reporter from
that year until his death. He is the author of
" Harrington's Chancerv Reports " (Detroit. 1841).
HARRINGTON, Joseph, Jr., clergyman, b. in
Roxbury, Mass., 21 Feb., 1813; d. in* San Fran-
cisco, Cal., 2 Nov., 1852. He was graduated at
Harvard in 1833, and became principal of the
academy at East Greenwich, R. I., but at the end
of six months took charge of the Hawes school at
South Boston, where he remained for five years.
While teaching he studied theology, and in the au-
tumn of 1839 was sent as a missionary to Chicago,
111., by the American Unitarian association. After
his ordination as an evangelist in Boston in Sep-
tember, 1840, Mr. Harrington returned to the
west, and was the first to introduce the doctrines
of his denomination in Milwaukee and other
places. He held a pastorate in Hartford, Conn.,
from 1846 till 1852, when enfeebled health in-
duced him to accept a call from San Francisco.
He sailed from New York in July of that year,
but in crossing the isthmus caught the Panama
fever, which resulted fatally. After his death ap-
peared a volume of his sermons, with a memoir
bv William Whiting (Boston, 1854).
HARRINGTON, Mark Walrod, astronomer, b. in Sycamore, 111., 18 Aug., 1848. He was graduated at the University of Michigan in 1868, and has since lectured on astronomy in Oberlin college and in the Louisiana state university, Baton Rouge. For a year he was connected with the Chinese foreign office in Pekin. and he also spent a year in Alaska. Subsequently he became professor of astronomy in the University of Michigan, which chair he now holds, being also director of the observatory. He is a fellow of the
American association for the advancement of science, and is a member of other societies. In 1884 he established the " American Meteorological Journal," of which he is now (1887) chief editor.
