rendered important aid to the cause of the medical education of women in 1867-75. He was the first to ascertain by experiments on himself and others, in 1848, the safety and effects of the internal use of chloroform, and also proposed and proved to his own satisfaction in 1876, though not to the satisfaction of men of science generally, a new theory of complementary color spectra. He has been one of the editors of the "Friends' Review" since 1872, and is the author of "Water vs. Hydropathy" (Philadelphia, 1846); a prize essay on "The Arterial Circulation" (1856); "Essentials of Practical Medicine" (1869); the divisions of anatomy, physiology, and practice of medicine in "A Conspectus of the Medical Sciences" (1869) ; edited, with additions, Sir Thomas Watson's "Lectures on the Practice of Medicine," and has contributed numerous papers to medical and scientific jour- nals. He also wrote " Woman's Witchcraft, or the Curse of Coquetry," a dramatic romance, under the pen-name of " Corinne L'Estrange " (1854), and " Summer Songs," under that of "H. H. M." (1865). — Another son, Charles, railroad president, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 2 Sept., 1829, was educated at Haverford college, and at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was graduated in 1847. He early embarked in railroad enterprises, and has continued active in them to the present time. In 1857 he became president of the Quakake railroad company, in 1862 of the Lehigh and Mahoning, in 1868 vice-president of the Lehigh valley, and in 1880 its president, but in 1883 resumed the vice-presidency. Besides his railroad enterprises, he is connected with many other commercial organizations, and with numerous educational and charitable interests, among which .are Haverford and Bryn Mawr colleges, and the Pennsylvania hospital, of each of which he is a member of the board of managers.
HARTSTENE, Henry J., naval officer, b. in North Carolina; d. in Paris, France, 31 March, 1868. He entered the U. S. navy as midshipman in 1828, and became a lieutenant, 23 Feb., 1840. In 1838 he was attached to the Wilkes exploring expedition, but did not proceed farther with it than Calloa, and in 1851 he was attached to the coast survey, and afterward commanded the steamer "Illinois." In 1855 he was made a commander, and was sent to the arctic regions in search of Dr. Kane and his party, whom he rescued and brought
to New York, in 1856 he was ordered to convey to England the British exploring bark "Resolute," which, after having been abandoned in the arctic
ice, had been rescued by Capt. Buddington, a New London whaler, and purchased by congress as a present to the British government. He was afterward employed in taking soundings for the Atlantic telegraph-cable. At the beginning of the civil war he resigned, entered the Confederate navy,
and in the summer of 1862 became insane.
HARTSUFF, George Lucas, soldier, b. in Tyre, Seneca co., N. Y., 28 May, 1830 ; d. in New York city, 16 May, 1874. When he was a child
his parents removed to Michigan and he entered the U. S. military academy from that state, being graduated in 1852, and assigned to the 4th artillery. He served in Texas and in Florida, where he was wounded, and was then appointed instructor in artillery and infantry tactics at the U. S. military academy in 1856. He became assistant adjutant-general, with the rank of captain, on 22 March, 1861, and major, 17 July, 1862. He served at Fort Pickens, Florida, from April till 16 July, 1861 ; then in West Virginia under Gen. Rosecrans, and became a brigadier-general of volunteers, 15 April, 1862, soon afterward taking charge of Abercrombie's brigade, which he commanded at
Cedar Mountain and Antietam, where he was severely wounded. He was appointed major-general of volunteers. 29 Nov., 1862, served as a member of the board to revise rules and articles of war and to prepare a code for the government of the armies in the field, and on 27 April, 1863, was ordered to Kentucky, where he was assigned to command the 23d corps. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel and assistant adjutant-general, U. S. army, 1 June, 1864, was in command of works in the siege of Petersburg in March and April, 1865,
and was brevetted brigadier-general and major-general, U. S. army, 13 March, 1865. After the war he was adjutant-general of the 5th military
division, comprising Louisiana and Texas, in 1867-'8, and of the division of the Missouri from 1869 till 29 June, 1871, when he was retired for
disability from wounds received in battle.
HARTT, Charles Frederick, naturalist, b. in
Fredericton, N. B., 23 Aug., 1840; d. in Rio
Janeiro, Brazil, 18 March, 1878. He was graduated
at Acadia college, Wolfville, N. S., in 1860, but
before completing his course had made extensive
geological explorations in Nova Scotia. In 1860
he accompanied his father, Jarvis William Hartt,
to St. John, N. B., where they established a college
high-school. He at once began to study the geology
of New Brunswick, and devoted special attention
to the Devonian shales, in which he discovered
an abundance of land plants and insects. The latter
still remain the oldest known to science. His
work met the notice of Louis Agassiz, by whose
invitation he entered the Museum of comparative
anatomy in Cambridge as a student. He received
an appointment on the geological survey of New
Brunswick in 1864, and discovered the first proof
of primordial strata in that province. He was
one of the geologists of the Thayer expedition to
Brazil in 1865, and since then has been the chief
modern investigator of South American natural
history. He explored the neighborhood of the
coast from Rio Janeiro to Bahia while on this
expedition, making large zoological collections,
and with the material collected prepared his
“Geology and Physical Geography of Brazil” (Boston,
1870). In 1868 he was elected professor of natural
history in Vassar, but later in the same year
he was called to the chair of geology and physical
geography in Cornell. Two years afterward, and
again in 1871, he made trips of exploration to the
valley of the Amazon. At the request of the
Brazilian minister of agriculture he visited Rio
Janeiro in August, 1874, and submitted plans for
the organization of a Brazilian geological commission.
He was appointed in May, 1875, chief of the
geological surveys of the empire, and continued in
that office till his death. His collections are
displayed in the National museum, of which in 1876
he was made director, and form the most
complete repository of South American geology in the
world. Prof. Hartt was a member of various
scientific societies, and in 1869 was elected general
secretary of the American association for the
advancement of science. He contributed occasional
articles to scientific journals, and, besides the book
mentioned above, published “Contributions to the
Geology and Physical Geography of the Lower
Amazons” (Buffalo, 1874).
HARTWELL, Alonzo, artist, b. in Littleton, Mass., 19 Feb., 1805; d. in Waltham. Mass., 17 Jan., 1873. In 1822 he went to Boston, and soon afterward was apprenticed to a wood-engraver, till 1826, when he engaged in the business for
