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induced him to reform in 1840. From this time until his death he lectured with success in the temperance cause in every state in the Union ex- cept California, also contributing constantly to the temperance press. — His son, William George, clergyman, b. in Baltimore, 22 Oct., 1823, was graduated at Wesleyan university in 1848, studied at the Protestant Episcopal seminary in Alexan- dria, Va., in 1848-'51. and has since held rector- ships in Maryland. Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New York, and Nebraska. He edited the "Na- tional Freedman " in 1863-'6, has been engaged in domestic missions, and in 1874 became chaplain of the inebriate asylum at Binghamton, N. Y., and in 1885 rector of the English and classical school at Beatrice, Gage co., Neb. He has published " Life of J. H. W. Hawkins." his father (Boston, 1859) ; "Lumsford Lane" (1863); "History of the New York National Freedman 's Association" (New York, 1868); and has in press (1887) "Young America in the Northwest."

HAWKINS, John P., soldier, b. in Indiana about 1830. He was graduated at the U. S. mili- tary academy in 1852, assigned to the infantry, and promoted 1st lieutenant, 12 Oct., 1857. At the beginning of the civil war he was brigade quarter- master in the defences of Washington, D. 0. He was appointed commissary of subsistence with the staff rank of captain, 3 Aug., 1861, and filled sev- eral posts as chief and assistant commissary of sub- sistence in southwest Missouri and west Tennessee, until 13 April, 1863, when he was made brigadier- general of volunteers, and from 17 Aug. of that year till 7 Feb., 1864, was in command of a brigade of colored troops in northeastern Louisiana. He was then promoted to the command of a division, and stationed at Vicksburg, Miss., from March. 1864, till February, 1865. He afterward took part in the Mobile campaign, and for gallant and meri- torious services at the capture of that city was brevetted major. For his services in the war he was successively given the brevets of lieutenant-col- onel, colonel, brigadier-general, and major-general in the U. S. army, and also major-general of volun- teers. On 23 June, 1874, he was made major and commissary of subsistence, and in 1887 was in charge of the subsistence department at Omaha, Neb.

HAWKINS, Philemon, statesman, b. in Glou- cester county, Va., 28 Sept., 1717; d. in Warren county, N. C, in 1801. He served in a cavalry troop at the battle of Alamance, 16 May, 1771, as aide to Gov. Tryon, in the same year was a member of the general assembly, and represented Bute and Granville counties for thirteen years. He raised the first volunteer company in Bute county for the Revolutionary army, and was elect- ed its colonel in 1776. Col. Hawkins was a mem- ber of the convention that ratified the National constitution, was the last surviving signer of the constitution of North Carolina, and was frequent- ly a member of the executive council. — His son, Benjamin, statesman, b. in Warren county, N. C, 15 Aug., 1754 : d. in Hawkinsville, Ga., 6 June, 1816, was a student in the senior class at Prince- ton when the Revolution began, and his proficiency in modern languages, especially French, caused Gen. Washington to appoint him interpreter be- tween the American and French officers of his staff. Hawkins served at the battle of Monmouth, and probably in other engagements, and in 1780 was commissioned to procure ammunition and arms at home and abroad. He went to the West Indies and obtained and shipped supplies in ves- sels that belonged to a merchant of New Berne, John Wright Stanley. He was elected by the legislature to congress in 1782, in 1785 was ap- pointed to treat with the Cherokee and Creek In- dians, and concluded the treaties of Josephinton and Hopewell. He was re-elected to congress in 1786, and in 1789 became one of the two first U. S. senators from North Carolina. At the expiration of his term in 1797 he was appointed agent for " superintending all Indians south of the Ohio." Although he possessed a large fortune, he removed to the Creek wilderness, established a settlement, built cabins and mills, and manufactured imple- ments. He tendered his resignation to each suc- cessive president from Washington to Madison, but it was always refused. The city of Hawkins- ville, Ga., the headquarters of his station, was named in his honor. His manuscripts are in the possession of the Georgia historical society, and two of them, on " Topography " and " Indian Character," have been privately printed. — Benja- min's nephew. William, statesman, b. in Warren county, N. C, in 1770; d. in Sparta, Ga., 17 May, 1819, was elected member of the assembly, and its speaker in 1805. In 1810 he became governor, and took an active part in the war of 1812. — Phile- mon's grandson, Mieajah Thomas, congressman, b. in Warren county. N. C, in 1790 ; d. there, 22 Dec, 1858, was educated at the University of North Carolina, served in the legislature in 1819, and was a member of the senate in 1823-8. From 1831 till 1841 he was a member of congress, having been elected as a Democrat, and for many years was major-general of North Carolina militia.

HAWKS, Francis Lister, clergyman, b. in New Berne. N. C, 10 June, 1798; d. in New York city, 26 Sept., 1866. His early training was re- ceived chiefly from his mother, and, as he was naturally of an im- petuous spirit, this discipline was all- important. He was graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1815, with the highest honors of his class. He then entered upon the study of law, un- der Judge Gaston, in New Berne, was admitted to the bar, and practised his profession with great success in

his native town

and in Hillsboro, Orange co. He was appointed reporter of the supreme court of the state, and also elected to the legislature. At this early period he manifested rare oratorical powers and frequently drew crowds to hear him. But. although meeting with entire success in the practice of law, his heart was not really in the work. He resolved to become a candidate for orders in the Episcopal church, studied theology under the Rev. William Mercer Green (afterward bishop), completed his course in New Berne, and was ordered deacon in 1827, by Bishop Ravenscroft, and ordained priest by the same bishop. About 1823 Mr. Hawks married Miss Kirby, of New Haven, Conn., who died four years afterward, leaving two children. This domestic relation and its results brought about an intimacy with the Rev. Dr. Harry Croswell, rector of Trinity church. New Haven, and, at the latter's solicitation, Mr. Hawks became Dr. Croswell's assistant, 25 April, 1829. He