infant, so that Gov. Hayne stood very much in the
place of a father to his nephew, superintending his
education, and always guiding him by his counsel.
The family had independent means, so that young
Hayne had every advantage of education that his
native city could offer. Under the eye of his
mother, a woman of rare character, and the
guardianship of his uncle, he was thoroughly educated,
and was graduated at the College of South
Carolina with distinction at an early age. He studied
law and entered on its practice, but from his earliest
years the bent of his mind had been toward
literature. As a mere child, he had pored over
Froissart's “Chronicles,” the old dramatists,
Shakespeare, and the earlier poets. His study of the
literature of the Elizabethan age never ceased, and
probably no man in the United States was more
saturated with its spirit than he. As a consequence
of this taste he gave up the practice of law,
and addressed himself wholly to literary life.
When only twenty-three years of age he edited
“Russell's Magazine,” a southern literary periodical,
and afterward the “Charleston Literary
Gazette”; and with his friends William Gilmore
Simms, Henry Timrod, and others, he helped to
create such a literary atmosphere in his native city
as had not existed before that time. The civil war
interrupted all Mr. Hayne's life-plans. He entered
at once into service as one of Gov. Pickens's aides,
remaining on duty till his naturally delicate health
entirely disabled him for active service. During
the war he continued constantly to write stirring
lyrics, which exerted no small influence throughout
the south. During the bombardment of Charleston
his home was burned to the ground, consuming his
large library, and all the ancestral belongings of
generations. Thenceforth he became an exile from
his native city, and, having been impoverished by
the war, went to Augusta, Ga., where he supported
his family by editorial work. He established himself
at length on a few acres of pine-land, and
built a small cottage,
where, with
his wife and son,
he resided until
his death. Here he
labored unremittingly,
suffering
continually from
feeble health, and
keeping the wolf
from his door only
by the point of his
pen. His health
began seriously to
fail about 1882,
though he labored
with untiring
energy at his literary
work till within a
short period of his
death. Mr. Hayne
left enough
manuscript to fill two
volumes. No southern poet has ever written so
much or done so much to give a literary impulse
to his section, so that he well deserves the title
that has been bestowed upon him by his English
friends, as well as by his own people, “the
Laureate of the South.” Among the tributes to Mr.
Hayne was a sonnet by Philip Bourke Marston,
the English poet. His published volumes are
“Poems” (Boston, 1855); “Sonnets and Other
Poems” (New York, 1857); “Avolio, a Legend of
the Island of Cos” (Boston, 1859); “Legends and
Lyrics” (Philadelphia, 1872); “The Mountain of
the Lovers, and Other Poems” (New York, 1873);
Lives of Robert Y. Hayne and Hugh S. Legaré
(1878); and a complete illustrated edition of his
poems (Boston, 1882). He also edited Henry
Timrod's poems, with a memoir (New York, 1872).
HAYNES, Henry Williamson, archæologist, b. in Bangor, Me., 20 Sept., 1831. He was the son of Nathaniel Haynes, who was editor of the “Eastern Republican,” one of the principal Democratic newspapers in New England during Andrew Jackson's administration. The son was graduated at Harvard in 1851, and, after teaching, studied law, and practised for several years. Subsequently he was called to fill the chair of Latin in the University of Vermont, and later he became professor of Greek in the same institution, but resigned in 1873 to devote his time to archaeology. He then sailed for Europe, where he spent six years in systematic study among the antiquities of various countries, also taking part in several international congresses. The winter of 1877-8 he spent in Egypt, seeking for evidences of the palæolithic age in that country. The results of his investigations were presented at the International congress of anthropological sciences that was held in Paris in 1878, where he was rewarded with a medal and a diploma, and his paper was afterward published in the “Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.” Since his return to the United States he has resided in Boston, where he is a member of the school-board and a trustee of the public library, and has devoted much of his time to archæology. He has contributed to scientific and literary journals, and to the proceedings of learned bodies.
HAYNES, John, statesman, b. in Copford Hall, Essex, England; d. in Hartford, Conn., 1 March, 1654. He came to this country in 1633 with the Rev. Edward Hooker, and in 1634 was assistant, and in 1635 governor, of Massachusetts Bay colony. Removing to Connecticut in 1636, he became its first governor, and served every alternate year until his death. He was one of the five authors of the first constitution of Connecticut in 1638, which embodies the main points of all subsequent state constitutions and of the Federal constitution. He is described as of “large estate and larger affections; of heavenly mind and spotless life, sagacious, accurate, and dear to the people by his benevolent virtues and disinterested conduct.”—His son, Joseph, clergyman, b. in Hartford in 1638; d. there, 24 May, 1679, was graduated at Harvard in 1658, supplied the pulpit at Wethersfield. Conn., and was pastor of the 1st church in Hartford in 1664. He was ordained as a colleague of the Rev. John Whiting, who held Congregationalist doctrines, while Mr. Haynes represented the Presbyterian element. The disputes which ensued divided the Hartford church, Mr. Whiting refusing to hold communion with Mr. Haynes and his party. In February, 1670, Mr. Whiting, with thirty-one members, withdrew, and formed the 2d church of Hartford, leaving Mr. Haynes in possession.
HAYNES, Lemuel, clergyman, b. in West Hartford, Conn., 18 July, 1753; d. in Granville, N. Y., 28 Sept., 1833. He was a mulatto, and his early life was spent in domestic service. In 1775 he enlisted as a minute-man in the colonial army, joined the forces at Roxbury, Mass., and in 1776 was a volunteer in the expedition to Ticonderoga. At the close of the northern campaign he returned to his home in Granville, worked on a farm, and acquired an education without masters, becoming, in a comparatively short time, a respectable Greek and Latin scholar. In November of 1780 he was ap-
