by the English, when he returned to Holland and entered the army of the States. He served in the war between the republic and Louis XIV.
HINRICHS, Gustavus Detlef, chemist, b. in
Lunden, Holstein, Germany, 2 Dec., 1836. He
was educated at the polytechnic school and at the
university in Copenhagen, where he was graduated
in 1860. Soon after the completion of his studies
he came to the United States and settled in
Iowa City, Iowa. In 1863 he was made professor
of physical sciences in the Iowa state university,
and professor of chemistry and toxicology in the
medical department, and in 1868 he became chemist
to the geological survey of the state. The
Iowa weather service was organized by Prof.
Hinrichs in 1875, and was the first state weather
service in the United States. These college appointments
he held until 1885, when by a combination
of religious and political influences he was driven
from his chairs. He received the degree of M. D.
from the Missouri medical college in 1872, and is
a member of scientific societies both in the United
States and Europe. Prof. Hinrichs has contributed
a large number of papers in various branches of physics which have appeared in the scientific journals. During 1870 he edited “The American Scientific Monthly,” and he has published in book-form “The Elements of Physics” (Davenport, 1870); “The Principles of Pure Crystallography” (1871); “The Elements of Chemistry and Mineralogy demonstrated by the Student's own Experiments” (1871); “The Principles of Chemistry and Molecular Mechanics” (1874); and “First Course in Qualitative Analysis” (1874).
HINSDALE, Burke Aaron, educator, b. in
Wadsworth, Ohio, 31 March. 1837. He was educated
at Hiram college, where he was a pupil of James
A. Garfield, and entering the ministry of the
Christian church, was pastor successively in Solon
and Cleveland, Ohio. In 1869-'70 he was professor of history and English literature in Hiram college, succeeding to its presidency in 1870, and
holding office until 1882. He was then superin-
tendent of public schools in Cleveland until 1886.
He has published " Genuineness and Authenticity
of the Gospels "(Cincinnati, 1870); "Jewish Christian Church" (1878): "Ecclesiastical Traditions" (1870); "Republican Text - Book " (New York.
1880); "Garfield and Education " (Boston, 1881); "Schools and Studies" (1884); and edited "The Life and Works of James A. Garfield " (1882-'5).
HINTON, John Howard, author, b. in Oxford, England, 23 March, 1791 ; d. in Bristol, England, 11 Dec. 1873. He first preached in Reading, afterward became pastor of a Baptist church in London, and was distinguished as an independent and original preacher, and a zealous advocate for liberty in religion and politics. Besides several theological works, he published with his brother, Isaac Taylor, " History and Topographv of the United States" (Boston, 1834: 2d ed., edited bv Rev. John O. Choules, 2 vols., New York, 1853).— His brother, Isaac Taylor, clergyman, b. in Oxford, England, 4 July, 1799; d. in' New Orleans, La., 28 Aug., 1847, was educated by his father, who was a teacher in a boys' school, in 1814 he was apprenticed to the "Clarendon Press "as a printer, and in 1820 established himself in business in London on his own account, editing and publishing the " Sunday-School Magazine." He was licensed to preach in 1821, removed to London, and, while continuing his business, became pastor of a Baptist church.
While engaged with his brother in preparing
"The History and Topography of the United
States," he decided to emigrate to the United
States, and arrived in Philadelphia in 1822. He
accepted a call to the 1st Baptist church of Richmond, Va., where his views on slavery made him unpopular, and he therefore resigned and removed
to Chicago in 1835, where he supplemented his small salary by teaching. While officiating there as pastor of the 1st Baptist church, he delivered
a course of lectures on the prophecies, which excited favorable comment. The slavery question again divided his congregation, and he went to
St. Louis in 1841, spent three years there, and in 1844 accepted a call to New Orleans, where he died in the yellow-fever epidemic of 1847. He pub-
lished "'History of Baptism" (1841). and "Lectures on the Prophecies" (Philadelphia. 1843).
HIRSCH, Samuel, clergyman, b. in Thalfingen,
Prussia, 8 June, 1815; d. in Chicago, Ill., 14
May, 1889. He received his training at Metz, and
attended the universities of Berlin and Leipsic.
He was appointed chief rabbi of Luxemburg in
1843, and in 1866 was called to Philadelphia as
rabbi of the Congregation Kenesseth Israel. He
was a very active promoter of radical reform among
American Jews, and took a chief part in rabbinical
conferences. He was an industrious contributor to
the early volumes of the “Jewish Times” (1869-'78),
but published nothing in book-form after he
came to the United States. His principal works
were issued in Germany, among them his “What
is Judaism?” (1838); a collection of sermons (1841);
and “Religious Philosophy of the Jews” (1843).
HIRST, Henry Beck, poet, b. in Philadelphia,
Pa., 23 Aug., 1813; d. there 30 March, 1874. He
studied law, but was not admitted to the bar till
1843, his studies having been interrupted by
mercantile pursuits. His first poems were published
in “Graham's Magazine.” He afterward wrote “A
Poetical Dictionary, or Popular Terms illustrated
in Rhyme” (Lenox, Mass.); “The Coming of the
Mammoth, and other Poems” (Boston, 1845);
“Endymion, a Tale of Greece” (1848); and “The
Penance of Roland” (1849).
HISCOCK, Frank, senator, b. in Pompey, N. Y., 6 Sept., 1834. He received an academic education, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1855. He began practice in Onondaga county, N. Y., was district attorney in 18C0-'3, a member of the State constitutional convention in 1867, and was elected to congress as a Republican in 1878, serving from 1879 till 1886. when he was elected U. S. senator from New York. While a member of congress he served on many important committees, was the last Republican chairman of the committee on appropriations, and a minority member
of the committee on wavs and means.
HITCHCOCK, Alfred, surgeon, b. in Westminster, Vt., 17 Oct., 1813; d. in Fitchburg, Mass., 30 March, 1874. He was educated at Phillips Andover
academy, was graduated in the medical department at Dartmouth in 1838, and at that of Jefferson college, Pa., in 1845, settling first in Ashley and
afterward in Fitchburg, Mass., in the practice of his profession. He was frequently a member of the legislature between 1847 and 1855, was one of the
executive council of Massachusetts in 1862-'4, special agent of the state to superintend the care of the wounded during the civil war, and in 1862
superintendent of the transportation of the wounded. Dr. Hitchcock was the second surgeon on record to perform the operation of œsophagotomy, and
was one of the first to operate for strangulated hernia. He designed a stretcher, a surgical chair, and a splint, made two important changes in
surgical instruments, and discovered two medical preparations. Dartmouth gave him the degree of
