ture, in 1850 was commissioned by the state of Massachusetts to examine the agricultural schools of Europe, and in 1851 published his report on that subject. He received the degree of A. M. from Yale in 1818, that of LL. D. from Harvard in 1840. and that of D. D. from Middlebury in 1846. President Hitchcock was active in the establish- ment of the American association of geologists and naturalists, was its first president in 1840, and in 1863 was named by congress as one of the original members of the National academy of sciences. His literary work was very great. Of his larger works besides those previously mentioned, the most im- portant are " Dyspepsia Forestalled and Resisted " (Amherst, 1830) : " Elementary Geologv " (New York, 1840 ; London, 1854) ; " History of a Zoo- logical Temperance Convention, held in Central Africa in 1847 " (Northampton, 1850) ; " Religious Lectures on Peculiar Phenomena of the Four Sea- sons " (Amherst, 1850) : " Religion of Geology and its Connected Sciences " (Boston, 1851) ; " The Power of Christian Benevolence illustrated in the Life and Labors of Mary Lyon " (Northampton, 1852) ; " Religious Truth illustrated from Science " (Boston, 1857); and "Reminiscences of Amherst College " (Northampton, 1863), which is largely autobiographical, and gives a complete bibliog- raphy of his works, including the titles of some 26 volumes, 35 pamphlets of sermons and addresses. 94 papers in scientific and literary journals, and 80 newspaper articles, making in all over 8,500 pages. — His son. Edward, educator, b. in Amherst, Mass., 23 May, 1828, was graduated at Amherst in 1849, and at the Harvard medical school in 1853. Afterward, until 1861. he taught chemistry and natural history in Williston seminary, where he had been fitted for college. He then became pro- fessor of hygiene and physical education in Am- herst, which chair he still (1887) retains. Dr. Hitchcock was associated with his father in the geological work connected with the state survey of Vermont, and aided in the preparation of the " Re- port on the Geology of Vermont " (Claremont, 1861). For some time he has been connected with the Massachusetts state board of health, lunacy. and charity. He is a member of scientific societies. and has contributed papers to their proceedings. Besides various pamphlets, he is the principal au- thor of " Anatomy and Physiology " (New York, 1852). — Another son, Charles Henry, geologist, b. in Amherst, Mass., 23 Aug.. 1836, was graduated at Amherst in 1856, after which he spent a year in the Yale theological seminary, and then from 1859 till 1861 in the Andover "theological seminary, being licensed to preach by the Norfolk associ- ation in 1861. In 1857 he was appointed assistant geologist on the survey of Vermont, and, in connec- tion with other members of the survey, prepared a " Report on the Geology of Vermont " (2 vols., Claremont, 1861). He then became director of the Maine geological survey, and published two re- ports on the " Natural History and Geology of the State of Maine " (Augusta, 1861 and 1862). Mean- while he delivered the lectures on zoology in Am- herst from 1858 till 1864, after which he estab- lished himself as a mining geologist in New York, and then spent a year in study in the Royal school of mines in London. In 1866 he became a non- resident professor of mineralogy and geology in La- fayette, holding that office until 1870, andin 1869 was called to the chair of geology and mineralogy in Dartmouth. He became state geologist of New Hampshire in 1868, and ten years later brought the geological survey to a successful termination. During his administration he published annual reports of progress from 1869 till 1872, and also four magnificent royal octavo volumes of " The Geology of New Hampshire " (Concord, 1874, 1877, and 1878), with an " Atlas " of seventeen sheets (1878). During the winter of 1870-1 he estab- lished a meteorological station on Mount Washing- ton, which has since been used by the U. S. signal- service officials. He has paid special attention to the study of the fossil tracks in the Connecticut valley, and has published several valuable memoirs on the subject. In 1869 he received the degree of Ph. D. from Lafayette college, and he is a member of several scientific societies, both in the United States and Europe. In 1883 he was vice-president of the American association for the advancement of science, and delivered his address before the sec- tion on geology and geography. Prof. Hitchcock has prepared important geological maps of the United States, which are accepted as authoritative and have appeared in the government publica- tions, notably in the " Report of the Ninth Census " and in Dr. Rossiter W. Raymond's " Mineral Re- sources of the United States" (1873). and in 1881 he published an improved map based on the 1879 edition of the centennial map of the U. S. land- office. Prof. Hitchcock has been a large contribu- tor to scientific literature, and the titles of his papers number about one hundred and fifty. Be- sides the reports mentioned, he has published, with Edward Hitchcock, " Elementary Geology " (New York, 1860) ; " Mount Washington in Winter " (in part. Boston. 1871) : and articles in cvclopanlias.
HITCHCOCK, Enos, clergyman, 'b. in Spring-
field, Mass., 7 March. 1744; d. in Providence,
R. I., 27 Feb.. 1803. He was graduated at Har-
vard in 1767, and ordained to the ministry of the
Congregational church, 1 May, 1771, as colleague
pastor of the 2d church of Beverly, Mass. He
became a chaplain in the Revolutionary army in
1780, and at the close of the war in 1783 took
a charge in Providence, R. I. He bequeathed
$2,500 to the support of the ministry of his soci-
ety, and was distinguished as a preacher and a
promoter of education. He published "A Trea-
tise on Education" (Boston, 1790); "Catechetical
Instructions and Forms of Devotion for Children
and Youth" (1798); and "Sermons, with an Es-
sav on the Lord's Supper "(1793-1800).
HITCHCOCK, Ethan Allen, soldier, b. in Vergennes, Vt, 18 May, 1798; d. in Hancock, Ga.. 5 Aug., 1870. His father was a circuit judge during Washington's administration, and his mother was a daughter of Gen. Ethan Allen. The son was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1817, commissioned 1st lieutenant in 1818. adjutant in 1819, and captain in 1824. In 1824-7 he was assistant instructor of military tactics, and in 1829-'33 commandant of cadets at West Point. For the next ten years he was on frontier duty,
served in the Seminole war, was acting inspector-general in Gen. Edmund P. Gaines's campaign of 1836, was transferred to recruiting service, and afterward to Indian duty, where his administration as disbursing agent was of great value in protecting the Indians against swindlers. He was
promoted major of the 8th infantry in 1838, became lieutenant-colonel in 1842, and during the Mexican war was engaged in all the important battles, serving a part of the time as inspector-general on Gen. Winfield Scott's staff, and re- ceiving the brevet of colonel for gallantry at
Contreras and Churubusco, and that of brigadier-general for Molino del Rey. In 1851 he was promoted colonel of the 2d infantry, and in 1851 -'4 commanded the Pacific military divis-
