benevolent enterprises include an endowment of $80,000 to the Hitchcock free high-school of Brim- field, Mass., $175,000 to Amherst college, $120,000 to Andover, Mass., theological seminary, $50,000 to Illinois college, Jacksonville. 111.. $8,000 to Ta- bor college, Iowa, $40,000 to the Congregational Home in Boston, Mass., and $5,000 as a fund to the Congregational church in Brimfield.
HITZ, John, diplomatist, b. in Switzerland about
1820 ; d. in Washington, D. C, 27 Jan., 1864. He
emigrated to the United States in 1831, and repre-
sented Switzerland as consul-general from 1853 till
his death. At one time he held an important place
in the IT. S. arsenal, where he made the composi-
tion for the national standard of weights and
measures. He was also employed by different
mining companies as a mineralogist. He was a
member of the German relief association, and
spent much of his time in the hospitals.
HJORN, Oscar (yorn), Swedish naturalist, b. in Bagnildstorp, Sweden, in 1741; d. in Paris in 1792. He was a preceptor in the family of the Duke of Mirepois, and, owing to the protection of that nobleman, obtained from Louis XVI. in 1776 a mission to South America to study the flora of that country. He explored for ten years the vast regions included between the river Amazon and the river Plate amid dangers of all kinds, suffering great hardships and sometimes persecution from the Spanish and Portuguese authorities. Although he was kept a prisoner during 1780-'2 by the Guarani Indians, he formed an herbarium of 1,100 specimens, and, returning to Paris in 1776, published “Les légumineuses arborescentes de l'Amérique du Sud,” a work which caused a sensation in scientific circles as the first of that kind ever published in Europe (Paris, 1787); a “Dictionnaire raisonné de l'histoire naturelle de l'Amérique du Sud” (1789); “Choix de mémoires présentés à l'Académie des sciences sur divers objets de l'histoire naturelle” (Paris, 1791); and “Dix ans dans l'Amérique du Sud” (3 vols., 1790). The herbarium of Hjorn forms a part of the collection of the Museum of natural history of Paris.
HOADLEY, George, jurist, b. in New Haven,
Conn., 31 July, 1826. His father was at one time
mayor of New Haven, and at another Cleveland,
Ohio : and his grandfather, who was captain
in the Revolutionary war, was afterward elected
twenty-six times to the Connecticut legislature.
He was educated in Cleveland, whither the family
had removed in 1830, and the Western Reserve college,
where he was graduated in 1844. He studied
at Harvard law-school, and in August, 1847, was
admitted to the bar. In 1849 he became a partner
in the law-firm of
Chase
and Ball, and in 1851
was elected a judge of the superior court of
Cincinnati, and was city solicitor in 1855. In 1858
he succeeded Judge Gholson on the bench of the
new superior court. His friend and partner, Gov.
Salmon P. Chase, offered him a seat upon the
supreme court bench, which he declined, as he did
also in 1862 a similar offer made by Gov.
Todd.
In 1866 he resigned his place on the superior court,
and established the law-firm of which he was the
head. He was an active member of the Constitutional
convention of 1873-'74, and in October,
1883, was elected governor of Ohio, defeating
Joseph B. Foraker,
by whom he was in turn defeated
in 1885. During the civil war he became a
Republican, but in 1876 his opposition to the
protective tariff led him to affiliate again with the
Democratic party. He was one of the counsel
that successfully opposed the project of a compulsory
reading of the Bible in the public schools,
and was the leading counsel for the assignee and
creditors in the case of Archbishop
Purcell. He was a
professor in the Cincinnati law-school in 1864-'67,
and was for many years a trustee of the university.
In March, 1887, he removed to New York city and
became head of a law firm.
HOADLEY, John Chipman, civil engineer,
b. in Turin, N. Y, 10 Dec, 1818; d. in Boston.
Mass., 21 Oct., 1886. He began his engineering
career in 1836 on the preliminary survey for the
enlargement of the Erie canal, and his ability soon
won him promotion. After eight years of service
in this line he became associated with Horatio N.
and Erastus B. Bigelow in the construction and
equipment of mills in Clinton, Mass., devoting
himself to the wide range of work necessary to
build up a variety of industries. In 1848 he estab-
lished works with Donald McKay for the manu-
facture of locomotives and textile machinery in
Pittsfield. Four years later he accepted the super-
in tendency of the Lawrence machine-shop, after
which he returned to the manufacture of engines.
He invented the Hoadley portable engine, which
was probably the first application of scientific
principles to the design of high-speed engines, and
which proved highly successful. For many years
these engines had an extensive sale throughout
the United States, and he continued their con-
struction until 1873, when the business depression
of that year determined the company to close up
its affairs. Later he became interested in the or-
ganization of the Clinton wire-cloth company,
agent of the New Bedford copper company, and
of the McKay sewing-machine association. Sub-
sequently to 1876 he was occupied chiefly as an
expert in mechanical and engineering questions,
serving in important cases in the courts and in re-
sponsible positions in the mechanical exhibitions.
The professional work of Mr. Hoadley is shown
by its influence over a wide range of engineering
practice in mill-work, applications of steam, sani-
tary engineering, and methods of expert evidence,
rather than in any massive structures. During
the civil war he was sent to England by Massa-
chusetts to inspect ordnance and examine for-
tifications for the purpose of devising a system
for American sea-coast defences. He held various
minor political offices, and was one of the original
trustees of the Massachusetts institute of technol-
ogy. For many years he was a member of the
state board of health, and did much toward pro-
moting its efficiency. He was a member of sev-
eral scientific societies, and contributed technical
papers to their transactions, among the most im-
portant of which was his "American Steam-En-
gine Practice in 1884," read at the Montreal meet-
ing of the British association for the advancement
of science, which was the first step in the recent
polemical engineering papers respecting English
and American railway practice.
HOADLEY, Loanuni Ives, clergyman, b. in Northford, Conn., 25 Oct., 1790; d. in Shelton. Conn., 21 March. 1883. He was graduated at Yale in 1817, and at the Andover theological seminary in 1820. He was ordained to the ministry. 15 Oct., 1823, was pastor of an orthodox Congregational church at Worcester, Mass., in 1823-'30. and subsequently had charge of several churches in New England. After the year 1866 he was pastor at New Haven. Mr. Hoadley was assistant editor of the "Comprehensive Commentary of the Bible," edited the sixth volume of "Spirit "of the Pilgrims" and many publications of the Massachusetts Sabbath-school society, and contributed to various religious periodicals.
