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his political opinions, made the " Republican " es- teemed and feared in Massachusetts, his associate, becoming a popular preacher of social and domes- tic moralities, made it loved in ten thousand homes. Dr. Holland's first venture as a book- maker was the reprinting from the " Republican " of his "History of Western Massachusetts" (2 vols., Springfield, 1855). Two years later he pub- lished "The Bay Path: a Colonial Tale" (New York, 1857), which was not at first popular. He now began a series of papers entitled " Timothy Titcomb's Letters to Young People, Married and Single," which, when collected (New York, 1858), were remarkably successful. Nine editions ap- peared within a few months, and more than 75,000 copies in all have been sold. In November of the same year he published " Bitter Sweet, a Poem in Dramatic Form " (New York), the sales of which exceeded those of the " Titcomb Letters." In the autumn of 1865 appeared his "Life of Abraham Lincoln" (Springfield), of which more than 100,000 copies were sold. In 1866 he sold his interest in the " Republican." In 1867 he published " Kathrina : Her Life and Mine in a Poem," of which over 100,000 copies were called for. The following year he travelled in Europe, and while sojourning in Geneva, with Roswell Smith, conceived the idea of a new illustrated magazine. Long previous to this Charles Scribner had solicited Dr. Holland to go to New York and edit " Hours at Home." In 1870 Dr. Holland, as editor and one third owner, began publishing "Scribner's Monthly." with Roswell Smith and Scribner, Armstrong and Company as joint owners. He became a member of the board of education of New York city in 1872, and was subsequently its president. He also held the chairmanship of the board of trustees of the Col- lege of the city of New York. As a lecturer Dr. Holland was extremely popular. In addition to the books above named, he published " Gold Foil Hammered from Popular Proverbs" (New York, 1859); "Miss Gilbert's Career," a novel (1860); " Lessons in Life " (1861) ; " Letters to the Joneses " (1863) ; " Plain Talks on Familiar Subjects " (1865) ; " The Marble Prophecy, and Other Poems " (1872) ; "Arthur Bonnicastle." a novel, and " Garnered Sheaves," a complete collection of his poetical works (1873) ; " The Mistress of the Manse," a poem (1874): "The Story of Sevenoaks" (1875); and "Every-Day Topics " and " Nicholas Minturn " (1876). None of his works subsequent to 1867 at- tained the popularity of his earlier books.

HOLLAND, Samuel, surveyor-general, b. in Canada; d. in eastern Canada in 1801. He was surveyor-general of the colonies north of Virginia, served in the army as a major during the war with France, and engaged in the expeditions against Louisburg and Quebec. He was near Wolfe when that officer fell, and was mentioned by him in his will. In 1773 he had completed surveys as far west as Boston, and in 1775 he wrote to Lord Dart- mouth that he was ready to run a line between Massachusetts and New York. He lent to Alexan- der Shcpard, a surveyor, a plan or survey of Maine, which the latter, by advice of the Provincial con- gress of Massachusetts, did not return, fearing that it might be used to the prejudice of the Whigs. Mr. Holland then went to Lower Canada, and served there for nearly fifty years as surveyor- general. At the time of his death he was a mem- ber of the executive and legislative councils.

HOLLANDER, Peter, governor of New Swe- den, b. about 1600. Previous to his appointment in 1640 as governor of the territory that was claimed by Sweden along the Delaware, he had sailed with the colonists that had been sent to re-enforce the original settlers. He ruled the colony for about a year and a half, and added much to its territory.

HOLLEY, Alexander Lyman, metallurgist, b. in Lakeville, Conn., 20 July, 1832 ; d. in Brook- lyn, N. Y., 29 Jan., 1882. He was the son of Alexander H. Holley, who was afterward governor of Connecticut, and who was a nephew of Hor- ace, noticed below. The son was grad- uated in the sci- entific course at Brown in 1853, then served for eighteen months as a draughtsman and machinist, and afterward secured employment at the locomotive - works in Jersey City. In 1856 he took the management of "The Railroad Ad- vocate." to which he had previously contributed when it was edited by Zerah Colburn. Its name was soon

changed to "Holley's Railroad Advocate," and it was

published until July. 1857, when it gave place to " The American Engineer." of Holley and Colburn, which suspended with its third issue. He then went abroad with Colburn to study foreign railway practice, and to report on those features of it which would be of greatest importance at home. On the return of the two engineers they published " The Permanent Way and Coal-burning Locomotives of European Railways, with a Comparison of the Working Economy of European and American Lines, and the Principles upon which Improvement must Proceed " (New York, 1858), in which it was shown that the annual operating expenses of an American railroad was one third more for the same mileage than in England. Their statements were taken up by the daily journals, and many of the leading editorials which appeared at this time were by Mr. Holley. He then became connected with the " New York Times." and between 1858 and 1863 contributed to it upward of 200 articles. In 1859 he was sent to Europe by the " Times," and wrote letters on engineering topics, including a series on the " Great Eastern," which was then in course of construction. A year later he went to Europe again for the "Times," returning on the first trans-Atlantic trip of the " Great Eastern." and meanwhile contributing to the " American Railway Review," of which he was editor of the mechanical department. During these years he had in preparation his "American and European Railway Practice " (New York and London, 1860 ; 2d ed., 1867). At the beginning of the civil war, when he had a professional standing of the highest rank, he offered his services to the U. S. government, but no notice was taken of his letter. In 1862 he was sent abroad by Edwin A. Stevens to study the subject of ordnance and armor. This led to his subsequent publication of " A Treatise on Ordnance and Armor " (New York and London, 1865). A year later he again visited England, at the request of Corning, Winslow, and Company, of Troy, to obtain information concern-