HUDSON, Erasmus Darwin, surgeon, b. in Torringford, Conn., 15 Dec., 1805; d. in Riverside, Greenwich, Conn., 31 Dec., 1880. He was educated by a private tutor and at Torringford academy, and was graduated in medicine at Berkshire medical college in 1827. He practised in Bloomfield, and became a member of the Connecticut medical society. In 1828 he lectured on temperance, and from 1837 till 1849 was lecturing agent of the Connecticut anti-slavery society and general agent of the American anti-slavery society. During the civil war he was appointed by the U. S. government to fit apparatus to special cases of gunshot injuries of bone, resections, ununited fractures, and amputations at the knee- and ankle-joints. He invented several prothetic and orthopædic appliances, which received awards at the Exposition universelle of Paris in 1857, and at the Centennial exhibition, Philadelphia, 1876. From 1850 till his death he resided in New York, devoting himself to orthopædic surgery and mechanical apparatus for deformities, artificial limbs, etc. He was a contributor to “The Liberator” and the “Anti-Slavery Standard” (Boston and New York, 1837-'49), was co-editor of “The Charter Oak” (Hartford, 1838-'41), and published numerous reported cases in the “Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion” (Washington, 1870-'2). He wrote an “Essay on Temperance” (1828), and published monographs on “Resections” (New York, 1870); “Syme's Amputation” (New York, 1871); and “Immobile Apparatus for Ununited Fractures” (New York, 1872).—His son, Erasmus Darwin, physician, b. in Northampton, Mass., 10 Nov., 1843; d. 9 May, 1887, was graduated at the College of the city of New York in 1864, and at the College of physicians and surgeons, New York city, in 1867. He was house-surgeon of Bellevue hospital in 1867-'8, and held the office of health inspector of New York city in 1869-'70. In 1870 he was attending physician to the class for diseases of the eye, out-door department of Bellevue hospital, and from 1870 till 1872 was attending physician at the Northwestern dispensary, and from 1870 till his death was attending physician to Trinity chapel parish and Trinity home. He was professor of principles and practice of medicine in the Woman's medical college of New York infirmary from 1872 till 1882, and professor of general medicine and physical diagnosis in the New York Polyclinic from 1882 until his death. He has published “Diagnostic Relations of the Indigestions” (New York, 1876); “Doctors, Hygiene, and Therapeutics” (1877); “Methods of Examining Weak Chests” (1885); “Limitations of the Diagnosis of Malaria” (1885); “Home Treatment of Consumptives” (1886); and “Physical Diagnosis of Thoracic Diseases” (2d ed., 1887).
HUDSON, Frederic, journalist, b. in Quincy, Mass., in 1819; d. in Concord, Mass., 21 Oct., 1875. After receiving a limited education in the common schools of Concord and Boston, Mass., he removed to New York city in 1836, and, entering the office of the “Herald,” rose through the various grades till he became managing editor of that journal. After a connection of nearly thirty years with the “Herald,” he retired in April, 1866, and resided in Concord, Mass., until his death. He was the author of “Journalism in the United States from 1690 till 1872” (New York, 1873).
HUDSON, Henry (sometimes called Hendrik Hudson), English navigator, b. in the latter half of the 16th century. He was a citizen of London, had a house there, and belonged to a family that counted among its members another Henry Hudson, perhaps his grandfather, who was an alderman
of London, and one of the founders, with Sebastian Cabot, of the Muscovy or Russia company, which was intended to promote the discovery of a northerly passage to China. From its establishment in 1555 till 1607, when Henry Hudson first appears upon the scene as a captain in its employ, various Hudsons were eminent in the counsels of the
Muscovy company, or were engaged in its explorations. Christopher Hudson was agent of the company in Russia as early as 1559-'60, took a deep interest in the voyage of discovery to America of Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583, and advised the company to assist in raising the requisite funds. John Hudson was a member of the Muscovy and Virginia companies. Thomas Hudson, a resident of Limehouse, was a captain of the Muscovy company in 1579, and commanded its expedition to Persia in the following year. On 24 Jan., 1583, Thomas Hudson advised Capt. John Davis concerning his search for a northwest passage to China, which resulted in the discovery of Davis strait, and twenty-six years later exercised a powerful influence upon Henry Hudson in a voyage that eventually carried the latter into Delaware bay and Hudson river. Stephen Hudson, a member of the East India company, which was originally promoted by some of the foremost members of the Muscovy company, is mentioned in the “Court Minutes” of the former corporation, under date of 18 Dec., 1602, as having paid to Mr. Chamberlaine, the treasurer, “Xli for his supply toward the discovery of the Northwest passadge, and desired the Company to have him excused for non-payment thereof till now, for that he haith bene in the cuntry all this'sūmer and never hard thereof.” Educated in the company's service and familiar with its aims, Henry Hudson was entirely devoted to the solution of the problem of a northerly passage to China, and the various discoveries that he made were the outcome of this original idea. Of Hudson's four voyages, of which we know anything, the first two were made for the Muscovy company, while the fourth and last was set on foot by Sir Thomas Smith, chief governor of the Muscovy company. The journal of Hudson's first recorded voyage contains the earliest known incident in the life of the great mariner, and indicates his religious feeling while it also illustrates the devout spirit of the age. Purchas records: “Anno 1607, Aprill the nineteenth, at St. Etheburge in Bishop's Gate Street, did communicate with the rest of the parishioners these persons, seamen, purposing to goe to sea foure days after, for to discover a passage by the North Pole to Japan and China.” Then follow eleven names, beginning with “Henry Hudson, master,” and ending with his son “John Hudson, a boy.” The little “Hopewell,” of sixty tons, associated with the gallant Frobisher's last voyage twenty-nine years before, was now under Hudson's command, and in her he tried the eastern coast of Greenland, and followed the ice barrier around and up to about 82° N. Having reached the neighborhood of Spitz-
