society building at Yale : the Vanderbilt mausoleum on Staten island ; the Yorktown monument, Vir- ginia ; and the pedestal of the statue of Liberty on Bedlow's island, New York harbor. He is a member of various associations of architects, and was made a chevalier of the Legion of honor in 1884. The illustration on page 320 represents the Yorktown monument erected by the U. S. government in 1881.
HUNTER, Andrew, clergyman, b. in Virginia
in 1752 : d. in Washington, D. C, 24 Feb., 1823.
He was the son of a British officer, was licensed to
preach by the first presbytery of Philadelphia in
1773, and immediately afterward made a mission-
ary tour through Virginia and Pennsylvania. He
was appointed a brigade chaplain in 1775, and
served throughout the Revolution, receiving the
public thanks of Gen. Washington for valuable
aid at the battle of Monmouth. In 1794 he was
Crincipal of a school near Trenton, N. J. In 1804
e was elected professor of mathematics and as-
tronomy in Princeton, but resigned in 1808. to
take charge of the Bordentown academy, and in
1810 became a chaplain in the navy. He married
a daughter of Richard Stockton, the signer. — His
son, David, soldier, b. in Washington, D. C, 21
July, 1802; d. there, 2 Feb., 1886. He was gradu-
ated at the U. S. military academy in 1822, ap-
pointed 2d lieutenant in the 5th infantry, promoted
1st lieutenant in 1828, and became a captain in the
1st dragoons in 1833. He was assigned to frontier
duty, and twice crossed the plains to the Rocky
mountains. He resigned his commission in 1836,
and engaged in business in Chicago. He re-entered
the military service as a paymaster, with the rank
of major, in March. 1842, was chief paymaster of
Gen. John E. Wool's command in the Mexican
war, and was afterward stationed successively at
New Orleans, Washington, Detroit, St. Louis, and
on the frontier. He accompanied President-elect
Lincoln when he set out from Springfield for
Washington in February, 1861, but at Buffalo
was disabled by the pressure of the crowd, his
collar-bone being dislocated. On 14 May he was
appointed colonel of the 6th U. S. cavalry, and
three days later was commissioned brigadier-gen-
eral of volunteers. He commanded the main col-
umn of McDowell's army in the Manassas cam-
paign, and was severely wounded at Bull Run, 21
July, 1861. He was made a major-general of vol-
unteers, 13 Aug., 1861, served under Gen. Fremont
in Missouri, and on 2 Nov. succeeded him in the
command of the western department. From 20
Nov., 1861, till 11 March, 1862, he commanded the
Department of Kansas. Under date of 19 Feb.,
1862, Gen. Halleck wrote to him : " To you, more
than any other man out of this department, are
we indebted for our success at Fort Donelson. In
my strait for troops to reenforce Gen. Grant, I ap-
plied to you. You responded nobly, placing your
forces at my disposition. This enabled us to win
the victory." In March, 1862, Gen. Hunter was
transferred to the Department of the South, with
headquarters at Port Royal, S. C. On 12 April he
issued a general order in which he said : " All per-
sons of color lately held to involuntary service by
enemies of the United States, in Fort Pulaski and
on Cockspur island, Ga., are hereby confiscated and
declared free in conformity with law, and shall
hereafter receive the fruits of their own labor."
On 9 May, in general orders declaring Georgia,
Florida, and South Carolina (his department) un-
der martial law, he added, " Slavery and martial
law, in a free country', are altogether incompatible.
The persons in these three states, heretofore held
as slaves, are therefore declared forever free." Ten
days later this order was annulled by the president.
(See Lincoln, Abraham.) In May Gen. Hunter
organized an expedition against Charleston, in
which over 3,000
men were landed on
James island, but it
was unsuccessful.
Later he raised and
organized the 1st
South Carolina vol-
unteers, the first
regiment of black
troops in the Na-
tional service.
Thereupon a Ken-
tucky representa-
tive introduced in-
to congress a reso-
lution calling for
information on the
subject. This be-
ing referred to Gen.
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Hunter by the secretary of war, the general answered: " No regiment of fugitive slaves has been or is be- ing organized in this department. There is, how- ever, a fine regiment of persons whose late masters are fugitive rebels — men who everywhere fly before the appearance of the National flag, leaving their servants behind them to shift, as best they can, for themselves." In August Jefferson Davis issued a proclamation to the effect that, if Gen. Hunter or any other U. S. officer who had been drilling and instructing slaves as soldiers should be captured, he should not be treated as a prisoner of war. but held in close confinement for execution as a felon. In September Gen. Hunter was ordered to Wash- ington and made president of a court of inquiry, to investigate the causes of the surrender of Har- per's Ferry, and other matters. In May, 1864. he was placed in command of the Department of West Virginia. He defeated a Confederate force at Piedmont on 5 June, and attacked Lynchburg un- successfully on the 18th. From 8 Aug., 1864. till 1 Feb., 1865, he was on leave of absence, after which he served on courts-martial, being president of the commission that tried the persons who con- spired for the assassination of President Lincoln. He was brevetted major-general U. S. army, 13 March, 1865, and mustered out of the volunteer service in January, 1866, after which he was presi- dent of a special-claims commission and of a board for the examination of cavalry officers. He was retired from active service, by reason of his age, 31 July, 1866, and thereafter resided in Washington. Gen. Hunter married a daughter of John Kinzie, who was the first permanent citizen of Chicago. Mrs. Hunter survived her husband. — Another son, Lewis Boudinot, surgeon, b. in Princeton, N. J., 9 Oct., 1804; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 24 June, 1887, was graduated at Princeton in 1824, and at the medical department of the University of Pennsyl- vania in 1828. He then entered the U. S. navy as a surgeon, and was on the " Princeton" when the secretary of state and the secretary of the navy were killed by the bursting of a gun in 1843. He served during the Mexican war on the " Sara- toga." and during the civil war as fleet-surgeon of the North Atlantic squadron under Admiral Por- ter. On 3 March, 1871, he was made medical direc- tor, with the rank of commodore, and retired.
HUNTER, John, senator, b. in South Carolina about 1760. He received an academic education, engaged in agriculture, and in 1792 was elected to congress, serving till 1795. He was elected U. S. senator from South Carolina in 1796, in place of
