Virginia. During this service he made a report on vaccination among the troops, which was pub- lished, by order of the surgeon-general, at Rich- mond. At the close of the war he resumed prac- tice at Danville, and was eminently successful. In 1872 he visited England as a delegate from the American medical association to the British asso- ciation. In 1873, while engaged in an autopsy, he made an abrasion on his finger, which finally re- sulted in his death. Dr. Jackson was a member of various medical organizations, and was to deliver the address before the alumni of the University of Pennsylvania at the date of his death. He trans- lated Farabeuf s " Manual on the Ligation of Ar- teries " (Philadelphia, 1874) ; and was the author of a biography of Dr. Ephraim McDowell, the first operator for ovariotomy (1873); and various con- tributions to medical literature.
JACKSON, John George, jurist, b. in Vir-
ginia in 1774; d. in Clarksburg, Va., 29 March,
1825. He was appointed a surveyor of public
lands in 1793 in what is now the state of Ohio.
From 1797 till 1801, and again in 1811, he was a
member of the Virginia house of representatives,
and was also elected to congress as a Democrat,
serving in 1795-'7, in 1799-1801, in 1807-9, and
in 1813-'17. In 1819 he was appointed judge of
the U. S. court for the western district of Virginia,
which office he held until his death.
JACKSON, John King, soldier, b. in Augusta,
Ga., 8 Feb., 1828; d. in Milledgeville, Ga., 27 Feb.,
1866. He was graduated with honors at the Co-
lumbia university, South Carolina, in 1846, and
practised law till the beginning of the civil war.
He then raised the 1st Georgia infantry and the
Augusta volunteer battalion for the Confederate
army, was made colonel of the 5th Georgia regi-
ment in 1861, and subsequently brigadier-general.
He commanded a brigade in Bragg's corps at
Shiloh, and in August, 1864, took charge of the
Department of Florida. After the war he resumed
his law practice in Augusta.
JACKSON, Jonathan, statesman, b. in Boston,
Mass., 4 June, 1743; d. there, 5 March, 1810. He
was graduated at Harvard in 1761, and became a
merchant in Newburyport. He was a member of
the Provincial congress in 1775, a representative in
1777, a member of congress in 1782, and state senator
in 1789, when he became U. S. marshal, and
held this office till 1791. He was treasurer of
Massachusetts from 1802 till 1806, was also president
of the state bank, and was treasurer of Harvard
from 1807 till his death. He was the author
of “Thoughts upon the Political Situation of the
United States” (Worcester, 1788). — His eldest son,
Charles, jurist, b. in Newburyport, Mass., 31 May,
1775; d. in Boston, 13 Dec., 1855, was graduated
at Harvard in 1793 with the highest honors. He
studied law in the office of Chief-Justice Theophilus
Parsons, and was admitted to practice in his
native place in 1796. In 1803 he removed to Boston,
where he became a partner of Judge Samuel
Hubbard, and attained a high rank at the bar. From
1813 till 1824 he was judge of the Massachusetts
supreme court, and in 1820 he was a member of
the State constitutional convention. He was chairman
of a commission to codify the state laws in
1833, and drew up the second part of the “Revised
Statutes.” He aided in introducing several
important reforms into Massachusetts legislation,
especially in reference to debt and credit. He
published a treatise on “Pleadings and Practice in
Real Actions,” which is a recognized authority on
the law of property (Boston, 1828). — Another son,
James, physician, b. in Newburyport, Mass., 3
Oct., 1777; d. in Boston, 27 Aug., 1867, was graduated
at Harvard in 1796, and, after teaching for a
year in Leicester academy, was employed until
December, 1797, as a clerk for his father, who was
then an officer of the government. After studying
medicine in Salem for two years, he sailed for London,
where he became a “dresser” in St. Thomas's
hospital, and attended lectures. He returned
to Boston in 1800, and began practice, which he
continued till 1866. In 1803 he became a member
of the Massachusetts medical society, and in
1810 he proposed with Dr. John C. Watson the
establishment of a hospital and an asylum for the
insane. The asylum was soon founded in Somerville,
and afterward the Massachusetts general
hospital was begun in Boston, of which he was the
first physician, till he resigned in 1835. In 1810
he was chosen professor of clinical medicine in the
medical department of Harvard, and in 1812
professor of theory and practice, which post he held
till 1836, and was afterward professor emeritus
till his death. He published “On the Brunomian
System” (1809); “Remarks on the Medical
Effects of Dentition” (1812); “Eulogy on Dr. John
Warren” (1815); “Syllabus of Lectures” (1816);
“Text-Book of Lectures” (1825-'7); a memoir
of his son, James Jackson, Jr., who died in 1834;
“Letters to a Young Physician” (1855; 4th ed.,
1856); and numerous contributions to the Boston
“Medical and Surgical Journal” and other
periodicals. He also published articles in the
“Transactions” of the Massachusetts medical society, of
which he was president. — Another son, Patrick
Tracy, merchant, b. in Newburyport, Mass., 14
Aug., 1780; d. in Beverly, Mass, 12 Sept., 1847,
was apprenticed to a merchant of Newburyport,
and subsequently established himself in
Boston in the India trade, in which he acquired
a large fortune. In 1812, at the invitation of his
brother-in-law, Francis C. Lowell, who had examined
the process of cotton-manufacture in
England, he engaged in a project to introduce into
the United States the power-loom, then newly
invented, and also its mode of construction, which
was kept secret. As communication with
England was prevented by the war, they were forced
to invent a power-loom themselves, and after many
failures succeeded, in the latter part of 1812, in
producing a model from which a machine was
constructed by Paul Moody, an ingenious machinist.
In 1813 they built a mill in Waltham, near Boston,
which is said to have been the first that combined
all the operations for converting raw cotton into
finished cloth. He made large purchases of land
on the Merrimack river, near Pawtucket canal, in
1821, and several mills were constructed there by
the Merrimack manufacturing company, which was
organized under his auspices. This settlement
formed the nucleus of the city of Lowell. He
superintended the formation of another company
in the same place, and in 1830 procured a charter
for a railroad between Lowell and Boston, the
construction of which he directed till its comple-
tion in 1835. This was then one of the finest
works of its kind in the country. Having met
with pecuniary losses in 1837, he took charge of
the locks and canal company of Lowell, and
subsequently of the Great Falls manufacturing
company at Somersworth, N. H. He labored zealously
to promote the moral and intellectual improvement
of the operatives in his mills.
JACKSON, Joseph Cooke, lawyer, b. in Newark, N. J., 5 Aug., 1835. He was graduated at Yale in 1857, and subsequently studied law at Newark and at the law-schools of Harvard and
