and at the yearly meetings in New York and Philadelphia, and in 1802 visited Great Britain and Ireland on a religious mission. In the latter Sart of his life he attended the yearly meetings of iaryland and Virginia, as well as those of Penn- sylvania, New York, and New England. He was an impressive, though not a frequent, preacher, and a strong advocate of frugal living and primitive simplicity in attire and furniture. — His wife, Hannah, b. in Westbury, L. I., in 1748 ; d. 25 Dec., 1833, also became a minister in 1792.
JACKSON, William, soldier, b. in Cumber-
land, England, 9 March, 1759 ; d. in Philadelphia,
Pa., 17 Dec, 1828. He was left an orphan, and
brought at an early age to Charleston, S. C. where
he received a good education. He was appointed
a lieutenant in the 1st South Carolina regiment in
June, 1775, served as aide to Gen. Benjamin Lin-
coln in the fight at Stono in June, 1779, was en-
gaged in the repulse at Savannah, and taken pris-
oner at Charleston in May, 1780. In 1781 he acted
as secretary to Col. John Laurens, who was special
envoy to France, and he subsequently served as
aide-de-camp to Gen. Washington, with the rank
of major. In 1782-'3 he was assistant secretary of
war under Gen. Lincoln. After a visit to Europe
he practised law in Philadelphia. He was secre-
tary to the convention that framed the U. S. con-
stitution in 1787, and took private notes of the de-
bates and proceedings, which are preserved by his
descendants. During President Washington's first
administration he was his aide and private secre-
tary. He next spent two years in Europe, and
upon his return was appointed surveyor of the
port of Philadelphia in 1796. This office he held
until he was removed by President Jefferson in
1801, after which he began the publication of a
daily newspaper in Philadelphia, called the " Politi-
cal and Commercial Register," which was con-
tinued till 1815. From 1800 till his death he was
secretary of the Society of the Cincinnati. In 1820
he became a solicitor of Revolutionary pensions.
JACKSON, William, financier, b. in Newton,
Mass., 2 Sept., 1783 ; d. there, 26 Feb., 1855. He
received a common-school education, and was
trained to mercantile life. He was a member of
the state house of representatives from 1829 till
1832, and in the latter year was elected to congress
as a Whig. He was re-elected for the following
term, but declined a second re-nomination. He
was one of the earliest promoters of railroads in
Massachusetts, delivering an address to the legis-
lature in favor of the new method of locomotion,
which was derisively received. Subsequently he
delivered the address in various cities of New Eng-
land, awakening an interest in railroads, and when
their construction was begun superintended the
works on the Boston and Worcester, Boston and
Albany, and other lines. He was a pioneer in the
temperance movement and an early opponent of
slavery, being one of the founders of the Liberty
party, which was afterward merged into the Free-
soil party. From 1848 till his death he was the
president of the Newton bank.
JACKSON, William Lowther, soldier, b. in
Clarksburg, Va., 3 Feb., 1825; d. in Louisville,
Ky., 26 March, 1890. He was admitted to the
bar in 1847, and served as commonwealth's at-
torney, was twice in the Virginia house of dele-
gates, twice second auditor and superintendent of
the State literary fund, once lieutenant-governor,
and was elected judge of the 19th judicial district
of the state in 1860. In 1861 he entered the Con-
federate army in command of the 31st Virginia
regiment, and in 1862 became one of the staff of
his cousin, "Stonewall" Jackson, whom he fol-
lowed through the campaign and battles around
Richmond, Cedar Run, Harper's Ferry, and An-
tietam. With the rank of brigadier-general, he
recruited in northwestern Virginia a brigade of
cavalry, which he led in the subsequent campaigns
of Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. In
May, 1865, he disbanded his troops at Lexington,
being among the last to give his parole. He re-
tired to Mexico for a time, and on his return, find-
ing that a statute of West Virginia debarred him
from the practice of his profession, removed to
Louisville, Ky., and pursued the law until 1872,
when he was elected judge of the circuit court.
He was re-elected from term to term.
JACKSON, William Walrond, Anglican
bishop, b. in Barbadoes in 1810. He was educated
at Codrington college, Barbadoes. and was a licen-
tiate in theology of that institution. He was at
one time chaplain to the troops in the islands, and
was consecrated bishop of Antigua in 1860. His
episcopal jurisdiction includes the islands of An-
tigua, Nevis, St. Christopher, Montserrat, the Vir-
gin islands, and Dominica.
JACOB, Edwin, Canadian educator, b. in Glou-
cestershire, England, in 1794; d. in Cardigan,
York co., New Brunswick, 31 July, 1868. He
studied in Lincoln college, Oxford, was ordained
in Gloucester cathedral, emigrated to New Bruns-
wick, and was principal and professor of classics
at King's college from 1828 till 1860. The degree
of D. D. was conferred on him by Oxford university. He published a volume of sermons.
JACOB, Louis Leon (zhah-kobe'), French naval
officer, b. in Tonnay, France, 11 Nov., 1768 ; d. in
Paris, 16 March, 1854. He entered the navy in
1784, and made several voyages to the West Indies
and South America. He was appointed lieutenant
in 1790, served during the troubles in Santo Do-
mingo, and in 1795 was brevetted commander
after a successful combat in the waters of the
island against several English men-of-war. Three
years later he assumed command of the station of
Santo Domingo, where he rendered great services
in protecting the whites against the negro insur-
gents. He invented in 1803 signals that are yet
used in the French navy, and was promoted rear-
admiral in 1812. He commanded the station of
Martinique in 1821, and again rendered great ser-
vices to the white population of Hayti. He gov-
erned Guadaloupe from 1823 till 1826, and sup-
pressed several negro insurrections in that island.
He was commissioned vice-admiral in 1827, and
created count and peer of France in 1831. Jacob
was also secretary of the navy from 1834 till 1836.
He published " Les signaux metaphoriques " (Paris,
1806), and several other works.
JACOB, Richard Taylor, soldier, b. in Oldham county, Ky., in 1825. He studied law, and travelled in South America. Visiting California in 1846, he raised a company of cavalry, and joined Gen. John C. Fremont in his military
operations there until its conquest. Returning home, he was soon afterward called to Washington as a witness for Gen. Fremont, and while there married Sarah, third daughter of Thomas H. Benton. He has filled the offices of legislator and judge for his county, and has been active in politics. Though a supporter of Breckinridge and Lane in 1860, he resisted with boldness and efficiency the effort to take Kentucky out of the Union, in the legislature and before the people. In 1862, at the request of Gen. Boyle, military
commandant, he opened camp at Eminence, Ky., in ten days had raised a regiment of 1,244 cavalry,
