!ng the professorship of mathematics and natural sciences. On the organization of Pennsylvania college in 1832, he became professor of mathematics and natural science, in which post he continued until 1865, when he resigned the chair of natural science. A year later he was made emeritus professor. He was licensed to preach in 1834. and received the degree of D. D. from Jefferson and Wittenberg colleges in 1858. He invented a process of canning fruit about 1845. In 1846 he read a paper on "Indian Summer " before the Society for the advancement of science. He published " Notes on the Rebel Invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania, and the Battle of Gettysburg" (Philadelphia, 1863), contributed an article on the same subject to the "United Service Magazine," published articles on theological subjects in the Evangelical Review," and scientific papers in the "Linnsean Record and Journal," edited the last-named periodical for two years, was for more than thirty years a contributor to the publications of the Franklin institute in Philadelphia and the Smithsonian institution in Washington, and left manuscript " Lectures on Meteorology," containing the fruits of his independent observations in that science. — His son, Henry Eyster, clergyman, b. in Gettysburg, Pa., 10 Nov., 1844, was graduated at Pennsylvania college, Gettysburg, in 1862, and afterward at the theological seminary there. He became tutor in Pennsylvania college in 1864, and having been engaged in home-mission work at Pittsburg, Pa., in 1867-'8, was principal of Thiel hall, at Phillipsburg, Pa., and pastor in 1868-'70, and professor of Latin and history in Pennsylvania college in 1870-'80, of ancient languages in 1880-'l, and of the Greek language and lit- erature in 1881-'3. He was then called to the chair of systematic theology in the Lutheran seminary in Philadelphia. He received the degree of D. D. from Thiel college in 1877. Dr. Jacobs has always belonged to the conservative wing of the Lutheran church, and has opposed the views that were held and advocated in the general synod. He is a thorough student of the Confessions, or symbolical books of the Lutheran church, and has done much to bring them within the reach of American Lutherans, and also to the notice of students outside of his own church. His historical introduction and notes explanatory of the history of the Confessions and of the doctrines set forth in the same have secured for him wide reputation. Dr. Jacobs has been editor of the "Lutheran Church Review" since 1883, and from the same date a member of the editorial staff of "The Lutheran." His published works include Hutter's "Compend of Lutheran Theology," with Rev. G. P. Spieker, translated from the Latin (Philadelphia, 1868) ; Schmidt's " Doctrinal Theology of the Lutheran Church," with Rev. C. A. Hay, D. D., translated from the German and Latin (1875) ; "A Question of Latinity" (1878); "Book of Concord, or Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church," translated from the Latin and German (1882); "Book of Concord. Historical Introduction and Appendices " (1883): Meyer's "Commentary on Galatians and Ephesians," edited (New York, 1884); Duesterdieck's "Commentary on the Revelation of St. John," translated and edited (1887); and various pamphlets. He has edited "Church Almanac" (Philadelphia, 1874-'7); "Proceedings I of First Lutheran Diet" (1878) ; and has contributed largely to current theological literature. — Another son, Michael William, lawyer, b. in Gettysburg, Pa., 27 Jan., 1850, was graduated at admitted to the bar in 1871. He practised at Gettysburg and Erie, and in 1875 settled in Harrisburg. He is the author of "A Treatise on the Law of Domicile" (Boston, 1887).
JACOBS, Orange, jurist, b. in Livingston
county, N. Y., 2 May, 1829. He was taken to
Michigan in 1831, received his education there,
studied law, and was admitted to the bar. In
1852 he removed to Oregon territory. In 1869 he
was appointed associate justice of Washington ter-
ritory, and was made chief justice a year later, and
reappointed in 1874. The same year he was elected
delegate to congress, and was re-elected, serving
from 6 Dec, 1875, to 3 March, 1879. .
JACOBS, Sarah Sprague, author, b. in
Pawtuxet, R. I., 17 March, 1813. She is the daughter
of Bela Jacobs, a Baptist minister in Cambridge,
Mass., taught in Georgia, New York, Rhode Island,
Nova Scotia, and afterward returned to Cambridge.
She is the author of “Benedetta” and many other
fugitive poems, some of which were reprinted in
Rufus W. Griswold's “Female Poets of America”;
also of a memoir of her father (1837); and of
juvenile books, one of which, entitled “Nonantum
and Natick,” gives in a readable style a history of
the Indian tribes of New England, and of John
Eliot's missionary labors (Boston, 1853).
JACOBSEN, Simon, Dutch mariner, b. in
Maestrich in 1624; d. in Leogane, Hayti, in 1679.
He entered the French service, and was employed
for several years by the Company of the West
Indies, which intrusted him in 1653 with an exploration
of the coasts of South America to the Straits
of Magellan, with orders to take possession in
the name of France of all unoccupied lands; but
his ship was wrecked in sight of Buenos Ayres,
and he was taken prisoner by the Spanish. On his
release he returned to Dieppe, and in 1657 was sent
to found a colony in Brazilian Guiana; but the
unhealthy climate and the hostility of the Spanish
drove away the settlers. The company then
bought from Diel du Parquet the southwestern
part of the island of Martinique in 1658, and
Jacobsen, after conquering the Caribs, founded a
prosperous colony of 4,000 inhabitants. He was given
the government of Tortugas in 1663 as a reward,
and in the following year he assumed also that of
Santo Domingo, which he resigned soon afterward,
having bought from the company a large tract
near Cape Leogane in 1665. He founded there a
prosperous city, which he ruled until his death.
JACOBSON, Christian, Danish explorer, b. in Copenhagen in 1528; d. in Lima, Peru, in 1596. He studied divinity, but he was seized with a desire to go to the New World, and, sailing for San Lucar de Barrameda, joined a cousin who was established as a merchant in Seville. The latter advised him to enter the Roman Catholic church; to which he readily assented, and obtained for him an appointment in the army. He was sent to Peru in 1551, and served in the civil wars in that country. In 1557 he went to Chili, and was made by Hurtado de Mendoza commander of the marines in the expedition of Ladrilleros (q. v.) to the South sea. Resigning his commission in 1564, he went on an exploration across the Cordilleras, reaching Buenos Ayres, after a dangerous journey, in 1565. Thence, sailing again for Peru, he settled in Lima, where he held an office in the audiencia, and devoted his leisure to literary labors. He wrote “Relacion del Viage de Ladrilleros al estrecho de Magellanes” (Seville, 1792); “Historia repertæ navigationis in Oceanum mare” (1779); “Derrotero de Viage” (1794); “Vidas de Españoles celebres” (2 vols., 1776); and several other works.
