to Olinda in failing health, he died in one of the hospitals that he had founded.
LIMA, Joao de Brito, Brazilian poet, b. in
Bahia, 22 Oct., 1671 ; d. there, 25 Nov., 1747. He
received his education from private tutors, and en-
tered a convent in early life. Soon afterward he
became known as one of the best Portuguese poets
of his time. In 1718 "O conde de Villaflor was
published in Lisbon, and other poems soon ap-
peared. A second volume of his compositions was
published (Lisbon, 1742), and he left " Poema epico
Cezaria, narrando la genealogia de D. Vasco Fer-
nandes, conde de Sabugosa, suas accoes e sucessos
nos governos da India e do Brazil," " A profissao
de duas irmaes no convento de Santa Clara na
Bahia," and " D. Luiz Alvares de Figueiredo,"
which are now (1887) in course of publication by
the Institute geographico Brazileiro.
LIMA, Jose Ignacio Ribeiro Abren de, Brazilian revolutionist, b. in Recife about 1770; d. in
Bahia, 29 March, 1817. He studied theology, and
was graduated in Coimbra, where he was ordained
priest in 1792, but suffered persecution and went
to Rome to answer an accusation of heresy. On
his return he retired from the ministry, was gradu-
ated in law in 1796, and opened an office in Per-
nambuco. When he heard, at the end of 1807, of
the determination of the royal family to come to
Brazil, he tried to induce the people of Bahia to
prevent their landing unless the regent promised
to give a constitution to Brazil. This plot was
discovered and Lima was cast into prison, but set
free two years later, and continued to work secret-
ly for independence. In 1812 he published several
articles in the daily papers, and founded the " Jus-
tica e Progresso," which was discontinued a year
later. In 1817 Lima wa<« the leader in the repub-
lican revolution of Pernambuco. He went to Ala-
goas and Bahia for aid, and, being successful, was
about to sail for Pernambuco when he was taken
prisoner by the royalists, tried by a military tribu-
nal, and condemned to death. He was shot with-
out revealing his accomplices. He published " Un
commentario as ordenacoes do reino" (1816). — His
son, José Ignacio de Abren de, Brazilian soldier, b. in Pernambuco, 6 April, 1796 : d. in Recife,
20 Jan., 1869. received his early education at Olinda.
and was graduated at the military academy of Rio
Janeiro in 1814. Soon afterward he was appointed
captain, joined the Revolutionary party in 1817.
and was arrested, but escaped to the United States,
whence he went to Venezuela and offered his ser-
vices to Gen. Bolivar. He fought in the battle of
Queseras under Gen. Paez. that of Angostura under
Gen. Soublette. and in Santa Fe de Bogota. In
1821 he accompanied the expedition to Ecuador,
where he did good service, and when the Inde-
pendents triumphed he accompanied Sucre in his
expedition to Peru, whence he returned to New
Granada, and was sent on a commission from that
government to the United States. During his
service in Spanish America he was promoted to
general. The government of Venezuela admitted
him to the military order of "Los libertadores de
Venezuela," and that of New Granada inscribed
his name among those of the liberators of the na-
tion. After the war he did not mix in the politics
of the Columbian republic, but remained faithful
to Bolivar. After the latter's death in 1830, Lima
went to Europe, and remained two years in Paris ;
but when the parliament of Brazil acknowledged
his services, recognizing his rank of general, he
returned to that country. He then began to col-
lect documents for completing the history of his
country, but his studies were several times inter-
rupted by his labors as a journalist. In 1835 he
was the editor of " O Raio de Jupiter," and from
this year to 1840 he was a contributor to the " Me-
sageiro Nictheroyense " and "O Maiorista." In
1847 he began to publish in the press his ideas re-
garding civil marriage, which caused him to be
bitterly attacked by. the clergy of the Roman
Catholic church. At that time he was a contribu-
tor to the " Diario Novo." In 1848 he published
in Pernambuco the paper "A Barca de Sao Pedro."
He retired from journalism, but for years con-
tinued to advocate his ideas. On account of im-
paired health he went to Recife in 1869.
LIMA, Manoel de, Brazilian explorer, b. in
Sao Pablo in 1685 ; d. in Para in 1750. He was a
Jesuit, and was emploved for many years in the
missions of the Moxos Indians, of which he became
president in 1735. As the missions that had been
founded since 1684 covered a large area. Lima had
ample opportunity during his travels to explore the
country. The Moxos missions having become im-
portant, Antonio Rolira de Moura, governor of
Para, saw the necessity of opening a more direct
way between them and the capital of the province,
and summoned Lima to Belem in 1742. His health
failed in consequence of the fatigue of his journey,
and, being unable to return to his missions, he remained in Para, using his influence to promote useful works and explorations of the province under
his charge. In 1751 Rolim de Moura utilized the
road that was first traversed by Lima, and, sending
an expedition to the Moxos missions, secured to Europeans the vast countrv explored by the Jesuit.
LIMA E SILVA, Francisco de ("lee -mah). Brazilian soldier, b. in Rio Janeiro, 8 July, 1785; d. there. 2 Dec. 1853. At five years of age he was entered as cadet in the regiment of Braganca, which was commanded by his father, and rose in rank until he became his father's successor. In 1821 he was active in the cause of independence, and rendered great service to the city of Rio Janeiro in keeping order in that time of popular commotion. During the republican revolution in Pernambuco in 1824, Lima was sent as general of the forces to repress the rebellion, and was also made provisional president of the province. At the beginning he employed severe measures, but after the suppression of the movement made every effort to prevent the execution of the leaders. He was appointed governor of the province of S. Paulo in 1828, in 1829 commander of the forces in Rio Janeiro, and in 1831 of those in the province of S. Paulo, but on 7 April of the same year he was elected a member of the regency. Lima received the decree of abdication of Pedro I., and read it to the troops, proclaiming Pedro II. emperor of Brazil. He was regent of the empire four years, and by his calmness and prudence prevented many public evils. He organized the arm v. tried to settle the difficulties of the national treasury, which was in a wretched condition, and endeavored to preserve the public peace. On 12 Oct., 1835, Father Feijo was appointed sole regent, and Lima retired to private life. In 1837 he was elected senator by the province of Rio de Janeiro, and in that year the assembly voted him a pension. In 1840 he* took an active part in declaring the majority of Pedro II. — His son, Lnis Alves, Brazilian soldier, b. in Estrella, 25 Aug., 1803, was entered as a cadet in the 1st regiment of the line in 1808, and finished his studies in the military academy in 1819. In 1822 he was appointed by Pedro I. adjutant of the battalion of the emperor, and fought in Bahia against the Portuguese troops. After the abdication of Pedro I. in 1831,
