tian mines, and also to ascertain the views of the government relative to the projected union of the British-American provinces. He was a delegate to Quebec, on the subject of the Intercolonial railway, in 1801; to the Charlottetown union conference, 1864; and to the final conference, 1866-'67, in London to complete the terms of union. He was sworn of the privy council 1 July, 1867, and was secretary of state for the provinces from 1 July, 1867, until his resignation in 1868; was lieutenant-governor of Manitoba and the northwest territories from 20 May, 1870, until May, 1873, when he resigned and was a judge in equity of Nova Scotia from 24 June, 1873, until 4 July of the same year, when he was appointed lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia. He was one of the directors of the Canadian Pacific railway, under Sir Hugh Allan, in 1873, and in 1885 was knighted. He represented Colchester in the Nova Scotia assembly from 1851 to 1859, and when that county was divided was elected for South Colchester, of which he was the representative until the union of the provinces in 1867; and sat for Colchester in the house of commons until appointed lieutenant-governor of Manitoba.
ARCHIBALD, Thomas Dickson, Canadian senator, b. in Onslow, Nova Scotia, in 1813; d. there, 18 Oct., 1890. In 1832 he entered into
partnership with his brother in a general business
in connection with the Sydney mines. He was consular agent of the United States at Sydney until he was called to the senate, was a member of the executive council of Nova Scotia from 1860 to 1863, and sat in the legislative council of Nova Scotia from 1856 until the date of the union of the provinces. 1867, when he was called to the senate.
ARCOS Y MORENO, Alonso, Spanish general. He was the governor of Guatemala from 1754 to 1760, under Kings Ferdinand VI. and Charles III.
He replaced governor Juan de Velarde y Cienfugos, who again held office after Arcos was recalled.
ARÉCHAGA, Juan de, Cuban jurist, b. in Havana in the first half of the 16th century. He studied in his native city, and went to Spain, was
graduated as LL. D. at Salamanca in 1662, and became a professor there. In the same year he published in that city his " Arechaga Comentaria Juris Civilis," and in 1666 his "Extemporaneas Comentationes." Arechaga went in 1671 to Mexico, where he filled important offices, being finally appointed governor and captain-general of the province of Yucatan. The date of his death is not known.
ARENALES, José (ah-reh-nah'-les), Argentine geographer, b. in Buenos Ayres about 1790. He entered the army when quite young, was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel of artillery about 1825, and in 1833 took charge of the topographical
department of Buenos Ayres, and then travelled
through almost every portion of South America.
His highly interesting report of some of these
travels was published under the title of “Noticias
historicas y descriptivas sobre el gran pais del
Chaco y Río Bermejo, con observaciones relativas a
un plan de navegación y de colonización.”
ARENTS, Albert, metallurgist, b. in Clausthal, Germany, 14 March, 1840. He was educated at the
mining schools in Clausthal and Berlin, studying
also at the university of Berlin. After coming
to the United States he was variously occupied as
mining superintendent and also in charge of
metallurgical mills and smelting works in Arizona,
California, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. He has
contributed valuable technical papers to the
“Transactions of the American Institute of Mining
Engineers,” having been elected a member of that
society in 1882. Among his inventions are the siphon
tap, now everywhere used on lead furnaces, the
Eureka lead furnace, extensively employed throughout
Colorado and Utah, and the well-known roasting
furnace that bears his name.
AREY, Harriet Ellen (Grannis), author, b. in Cavendish, Vt., 14 April, 1819. Her father, John Grannis, was a member of the Canadian parliament
at the breaking out of the rebellion of 1837, and
was obliged to flee to the United States, where he
afterward held positions of trust. The daughter
became a school-teacher in Cleveland, and a
contributor to periodicals. She married Oliver Arey
in 1848, and edited the “Youth's Casket” and the “Home Monthly.” Her principal work is “Household Songs and other Poems” (New York, 1854).
ARGALL, Sir Samuel, English deputy governor of Virginia, b. in Bristol, England, in 1572; d. in 1639. He was one of the early adventurers to Virginia, his first public exploit being the
abduction of Pocahontas. By the present of a copper
kettle, Argall induced the Indian in charge of the
girl to entice her on board his vessel, hoping to
receive a large ransom from her father; but this
Powhatan refused to give. When Sir Thomas
Dale was governor of Virginia, in 1613, Argall with
his sanction commanded an expedition that
destroyed the French settlements of St. Croix and
Port Royal in Nova Scotia, and that of St. Saviour
on Mt. Desert island. As deputy governor of
Virginia from 1617 to 1619 he distinguished himself
by many acts of tyranny and rapacity, so that he
was recalled to England in 1619. He had amassed
a fortune by trading in violation of law, but was
shielded from punishment by his partner, the earl
of Warwick. He was hated by the colonists for
his enactment of severe sumptuary laws, and for
his arbitrary conduct in general. Argall took part
in the expedition against the Algerines in 1620,
was knighted in 1623, and in 1625 joined an
expedition against the Spanish. Purchas gives an
account of his voyage from Jamestown in 1610, and
has also preserved his letter, written in 1618, about
his voyage to Virginia. After the death of Lord
Delaware, Capt. Argall took charge of his estate,
and was accused by Lady Delaware, in letters still
in existence, of the grossest peculation. See
Beverley's “History of the Present State of
Virginia” (London, 1705); Abiel Holmes's “Annals of America” (Cambridge, 1829); Marshall's “Life of Washington”; Bancroft's “History of the United States” (New York, 1884); and “Virginia Vetusta” (Albany, 1885).
ARGENSON D', Pierre de Voyer, viscount, French governor of Canada, b. in 1626; d. in France about 1709. He came of a noble family of Touraine, and distinguished himself in several military engagements. He became governor of Canada on 27 Jan., 1657, and held the office until 1661. Under his administration Canada was not only occupied in repelling Indian incursions, but was torn by internal quarrels. He made some progress, however, in discovery in the region on Hudson bay and beyond Lake Superior.
ARGÜELLO, Luis Antonio, governor of California, b. in San Francisco, Cal., in 1784; d. there in 1830. He was a member of a large and influential family, was governor of California from November, 1822, till November, 1825, and had been military officer under the Spanish government. He
was the first governor under the Mexican rule, and the only one under the Mexican empire. He was also the first native of California called to serve in this capacity. While in office he was led into numerous dealings with the Russians, who had founded a colony in the northern part of the territory, and
