BAILEY, Jacob, clergyman, b. in Rowley, Mass., 16 April, 1731; d. in Annapolis. N. S., 26 July, 1808. He was graduated at Harvard in 1755, after which he visited England, was ordained a priest in the Church of England, and became a missionary in Pownalborough, now Wiseasset, Maine. During the revolutionary war he was a loyalist, and in 1779 he retired to Nova Scotia. He was called to the rectorship of St. Luke's church in Annapolis, where he remained until his death. See "Memoir of the Life of the Rev.-Jacob Bailey, A. M.," by William S. Bartlet (Boston, 1854).
BAILEY, Jacob Whitman, naturalist, b. in Ward (now Auburn), Mass., 29 April, 1811; d. in West Point, N. Y., 26 Feb., 1857. He received a common-school education at Providence, R. I., and
then studied at West Point, where he was graduated in 1832. He was appointed lieutenant in the artillery, and during the following six years served at various military stations in South Carolina and Virginia. From 1834 until his death he was successively assistant, acting, and full professor of chemistry, mineralogy, and geology, at the military academy. His scientific reputation was achieved principally by his researches in microscopy, and he may
be regarded as the pioneer in this means of investigation in the United States. The indicator bearing his name, and other improvements in the construction of the microscope, were devised by him. He made numerous collections; that of microscopic objects containing over 3,000 slides, and his collection of algæ about 4,500 specimens. These, together with his books and papers, were bequeathed to the Boston society of natural history. In 1856 he was elected president of the American association of the advancement of science, and he was a
member of many other scientific bodies both in this
country and Europe. He was the author of more than fifty papers, which appeared in the "American Journal of Science and Arts," "Transaetions of the Association of Geologists and Naturalists," "The Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge," and "Journal of Microscopic Science," and also of a volume of "Microscopic Sketches," which contained about 3,000 original figures, and a paper on infusorial fossils in California in the reports of the Pacific railway survey. See the sketch of his life and scientific labors given in the "American Journal of Science and Arts "(2d series, voL
XXV.)—His son, Loring Woart, chemist and
geologist, b. in West Pohit, N. Y., 28 Sept., 1839,
studied at Brown university and then at Harvard,
where he was graduated in 1859. In 1861 he was
appointed professor of chemistry and natural history in the university of New Brunswick, at Fredericton. For many years he has been connected
with the geological survey of Canada, to whose
reports he has regularly contributed accounts of
his work. He has written scientific papers for
the "Canadian Naturalist" and "Canadian Record," and has published "Mines and Minerals of New Brunswick" (1864) and the "Geology of Southern New Brunswick " (1865).—Another son, William Whitman, botanist, b. in West Point, N. Y., 22 Feb., 1843, was graduated at Brown in 1864, after which he devoted special attention to botany at Harvard under the direction of Prof.
Asa Gray and Prof. G. L. Goodale. In 1867 he
served as botanist to the U. S. geological survey
of the 40th parallel, and from 1869 to 1871 was
assistant librarian of the Providence athenæum.
In 1877 he became instructor of botany at Brown,
and in 1881 professor. He is a contributor of prose
and verse to periodicals, and has published a "Botanical Collector's Hand-Book" (Boston, 1881).
BAILEY, James E., senator, b. in Montgomery co., Tenn., 15 Aug., 1822; d. in Clarksville, Tenn., 29 Dec, 1885. He was educated at the university of Nashville, was admitted to the bar, and began the practice of law at Clarksville in 1843. In 1853
he was elected to the Tennessee house of representatives. He served in the confederate army, though not an original secessionist. He was a member of the court of arbitration in 1874, by appointment of the governor of Tennessee, and was elected U. S. senator from Tennessee in place of Andrew Johnson, serving from 29 Jan., 1877, till 3 March, 1881.
BAILEY, James Montgomery, author, b. in Albany, N. Y., 25 Sept., 1841 ; d. in Danbury, Conn., 4 March, 1894. He early became a carpenter, and in 1860 he removed to Danbury, Conn., where he worked at his trade for two years, occasionally contributing to the newspapers, and then enlisted in the
17th Connecticut regiment, with which he served until the end of the war. After his return he purchased, in 1865, the Danbury "Times," which he afterward consolidated with the "Jeffersonian," acquired in 1870, under the name of the Danbury "News." For this paper he wrote short, humorous articles, generally descriptive of every-day mishaps, which were reprinted in other journals throughout the country. In 1873 a demand for his paper was found outside of Danbury, and its circulation rose
to 30,000 copies. His first printed book was "Life
in Danbury" (Boston, 1873), a collection of articles
from his newspaper. The same year he published "The Danbury News Man's Almanac." In 1874 he visited Europe for his health, and after his return delivered a lecture which was published in a volume in 1878, with the title "England from a Back Window." He published in 1877 "They All do it," in 1879 "Mr. Phillips's Goneness," and in 1880 "The Danbury Boom."
BAILEY, John, soldier, b. in Hanover, Mass., 30 Oct., 1730; d. there. 27 Oct., 1810. He was lieutenant-colonel of the Plymouth regiment at the beginning of the revolutionary war, and succeeded
Col. John Thomas in its command. When the continental army was organized he became colonel of the 2d Massachusetts, in which command he remained during the war, earning distinction, especially in the campaign against Burgoyne.
BAILEY, Joseph, farmer, b. in Salem, Ohio. 28 April, 1827; killed near Nevada, Newton co.. Mo., 21 March, 1867. He entered the military service of the United States 2 July, 1861, as captain in the 4th Wisconsin infantry. The regiment was ordered to Maryland and assigned to the expedition under Gen. B. F. Butler, which occupied New Orleans after its reduction by Farragut's fleet, in April, 1862. Bailey was appointed acting engineer of the defences of New Orleans in December, 1862, and while so detailed was promoted to be major (30 May, 1863). A month later (June 24) he became lieutenant-colonel. In August. 1863, the regiment was changed from infantry to cavalry, and Lieut.-Col. Bailey was sent home on recruiting service, returning to duty with his regiment in February, 1864, in time to accompany the army of Gen. N. P. Banks in the Red river campaign. Here occurred the opportunity that enabled Lieut.-Col. Bailey to achieve one of the most brilliant feats ever accomplished in military engineering. The expedition had been carefully timed to coincide with the regular annual spring rise in Red river, in order that the navy might cooperate and the river serve as a base of supplies. The army, under Gen. Banks, advanced south of the river, accompanied and supported by a fleet of twelve gun-boats and thirty transports. The ad-
