delphia, 1850), revised, with a supplement, in 1855; "History of the Albigenses, Waldenses, and Vaudois." French, Dutch, German, Swedish, Finnish, and Russian translations were made of the "History of the Temperance Societies," and French, German, Dutch, and Swedish translations of the "View of Religion in America." See "Life of the Rev. R. Baird," by H. M. Baird (New York, 1865).—His son, Charles Washington Baird, b. in Princeton, N. J., 28 Aug., 1828; d. in Rye, N. Y., 10 Feb., 1887. He was graduated at the university of the city of New York in 1848 and at the Union theological school in 1852. He officiated as American chaplain at Rome till 1853, was subsequently settled over the Dutch Reformed church of Bergen Hill, Brooklyn, and after 1861 over the Presbyterian church at Rye, N. Y. A translation of Malon's "Romanism" (New York, 1844), and one of Merle d'Aubigne's "Discourses and Essays" (1846), were his first literary productions. He published anonymously "Eutaxia, or the Presbyterian Liturgies" (New York, 1855), revised and reprinted under the title "A Chapter of Liturgies" (London, 1856); "A Book of Public Prayer, compiled from the Authorized Formularies of the Presbyterian Church" (1857). Mr. Baird was recognized as the first investigator and collector of the Presbyterian liturgies. He afterward gave his attention to other subjects, and published "Chronicles of a Border Town, a History of Rye, N. Y." (New York, 1871); "History of Bedford Church" (New York, 1882); "History of the Huguenot Emigration to America" (1885), a French version of which was subsequently issued in Toulouse, France.—Henry Martyn Baird, another son, b. in Philadelphia. Pa., 17 Jan., 1832 ; after graduation at the university of the city of New York in 1850, studied in Greece, and. after pursuing a course of theology in Union and Princeton seminaries, became a tutor in 1855, and in 1859 professor of Greek at Princeton college. He published "Narrative of a Residence and Travels in Modern Greece" (New York. 185(5): "Life of Robert Baird, D. D." (1865); a "History of the Rise of the Huguenots" (1879); and "The Huguenots and Henry of Navarre" (2 vols., 1886).
BAIRD, Samuel John, author, b. in Newark, Ohio, in 1817; d. in Clifton Forge. Va., 10 April, 1893. He studied theology at New Albany, and
preached in various pulpits until, in 1865, he retired from the ministry, owing to declining health. He made a special study of Presbyterian eeclesiastical polity, and published "The Assembly's Digest"; "The Church of Christ, its Constitution and Order"; "A History of the Early Polity of the Presbyterian Church in the Training of Ministers"; "A History of the New School and of the
Questions involved in the Disruption"; "The Socinian Apostasy of the English Presbyterian Church"; "The First Adam and the Second"; "The Elohim revealed in the Creation and Redemption of Man" (Philadelphia); "Collection of the Acts, Deliverances, and Testimonies of the Supreme Judicatory of the Presbyterian Church,
from its Origin in America to the Present Time"
(1855); and "History of the New School" (1868).
BAIRD, Spencer Fullerton, naturalist, b. in
Reading, Pa., 3 Feb., 1823; d. in Wood's HoU,
Mass., 19 Aug., 1887. He was graduated at Dickinson college in 1840, and in 1842 followed a course at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. In 1845 he became professor of natural sciences in Dickinson College, and a few years later assumed also the chair of chemistry. At the age of twenty-seven he was appointed assistant secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and after the death of Prof. Henry in May, 1878, he succeeded to the full secretaryship. In 1871 he was nominated U. S. commissioner of fish and fisheries, and after his appointment very much of his time was devoted to the duties of that office. He received the honorary degrees of M. D. in 1848 from the Philadelphia
Medical College, that of doctor of physical science
in 1856 from Dickinson College,' and that of LL. D.
from Columbian University in 1875. His work
in connection with the fisheries received universal recognition, and he was awarded several medals and decorations from foreign powers. He was an honorary member of many scientific societies, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences from its organization, a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science during many years, and was its permanent secretary in 1850 and 1851. His literary work was
very extensive, and a complete bi!)liographv from
1843 to 1882. including nearly 1,200 titles, was
prepared by George Brown Goode, and published
as No. 20 of the " Bulletins of the U. S. National
Museum." His works include the editing translations of the "Iconographic Encyclopædia" (New York, 1852) ; "The Birds of North America," with John Cassin (Philadelf)hia, 1860); "Mammals of North America" (Philadelphia, 1859), and "Review of American Birds in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution" (1864). More recently he was engaged upon a "History of North
American Birds," in connection with F. M. Brewer
and R. Ridgeway (5 vols., Boston, 1874-'84). From
1870 to 1878 he was the scientific editor of Harper
& Brothers' periodicals, including the "Annual
Record of Science and Industry," which appeared
for the years 1872-'8. The annual reports of the
Smithsonian Institution, from 1878 till his death,
were edited by him, and also the various reports
of the U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries.
BAKER, Abijah Richardson, clergyman, b. in Franklin, Mass., 30 Aug., 1805; d. in Dorchester, Mass., 30 April, 1876. He was graduated at Amherst college in 1830, and became principal of
Dorchester academy, and, after his graduation at
Andover theological seminary in 1835, a teacher
of the English department of Phillips academy.
He was pastor of several churches, and in South
Boston in 1864-6. While teaching in Andover he
prepared "The School History of the United
States," combining history with geography. During his pastorate at Medford he published "The Catechism Tested by the Bible," graduated question-books on the "Westminster Shorter Catechism" for Sunday-school classes, of which 100,000 copies were sold the first year, and translations were made into French, Arabic, Armenian, and Hawaii. At Lynn he edited, with his wife's cooperation, "The Mother's Assistant" and "The Happy Home," two monthly magazines. He subsequently removed to Wellesley, Mass., and then to South Boston. He published numerous Sunday-school books, edited an American edition of Cobbin's "Child's Commentary," and prepared an elaborate "Exposition of the Sermon on the
Mount," in connection with which he wrote a treatise on prayer and one on Christian character. A "Question-Book on the Sermon on the Mount" was issued in 1863.—His wife, Harriette Newell, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Leonard Woods, president of Andover, b. in 1815; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 26 April, 1893. She published, under the pen-name of "Mrs. Madeline Leslie," in 1855, "The Courtesies of Wedded Life," followed by "Cora and the
Doctor," printed anonymously, and has since issued
nearly 200 moral and religious tales for Sunday-
