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engineers, in which capacity he attained distinc- tion. He gave in his adherence to Louis XVIII. , and he was placed at the head of the topographi- cal bureau. He again fought on the side of Na- poleon at Waterloo, and once more entered the service of Louis XVIII. ; but, having been ordered to leave Paris for Dole, he obtained permission from the king to go to the United States. Under a resolution of congress, which resolution was ap- proved 29 April, 1816, President Madison issued a commission, dated 16 Nov., 1816, appointing Ber- nard an " assistant in the corps of engineers of the United States, with the rank of brigadier-general by brevet." Some bitter feeling was naturally en- gendered in military engineering circles by this in- vitation of a foreigner, and one of the results was the resignation of Gen. Joseph Gr. Swift, chief en- gineer, and of another distingviishcd officer. Col. William McRee. In 1824 Gen. Bernard arrived with Lafayette, and soon entered upon duty as chief engineer of the army, although his title was " assistant engineer," as in the congressional reso- lution. He had as an associate Col. Joseph G. Totten, and the two constituted a permanent board upon whom devolved the labor of working out the fundamental principles of the system, and of elabo- rating the project of defence for the great sea- ports. Naval officers of rank were associated with them whenever required, and resident engineer officers had a voice in relation to their own par- ticular works. The principal work planned and executed by him was the building of Port Mon- roe at the mouth of James river. He also had a prominent part in the inauguration of some of the mammoth civil engineering woi'ks of the day, notably the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, and the Delaware breakwater. On the breaking out of the revolution of 1830, he returned to France, and was appointed aide-de-camp to the king and lieutenant- general of engineers, 15 Oct., 1831. He was strong- ly in favor of the system of detached forts that was afterward carried out. In 1834 he was created baron and a peer of France, being appointed min- ister of war, and nd interim of foreign affairs, and he was minister of war from 1836 till 1839.

BERNARDINO, Fray. See Cifuentes.

BERNAYS, Augustus Charles, physician, b. in Highland, 111., 13 Oct., 1854. He was graduated at McKendree college in 1872, after which he stud- ied medicine in Heidelberg, Germany, and in 1876 received the degree of M. D. Subsequently he spent some time at the hospitals in Berlin, Vienna, and London, and in November, 1877, was elected a member of the Royal College of Surgeons. Soon after his return to the United States he settled in St. Louis, and in 1883 became professor of anatomy in the St. Louis College of Physicians and Sur- geons. Dr. Bernays is the author of two embryo- logical monographs — one on the development of the valves of the heart, and one on the develop- ment of the knee-joint and joints in general ; and also of a series of surgical papers, which appeared between the years 1880 and 1886. under the title of " Chips from a Surgeon's Workshop."

BERRIAN, William, clergyman, b. in New York city in 1787 ; d. there, 7 Nov., 1862. He was graduated at Columbia in 1808, ordained in the Episcopal church in 1810, and became assistant minister of Trinity parish in 1811; was elected rector of Trinity church in 1830, and trustee in 1832, both of which offices he held until his death. His continuous connection with this parish embraced a period of fifty-one years, broken only by a brief settlement in "Belleville, N. J., and two journeys abroad. He published " Travels in France and Italy " (New York, 1820) ; " Devotions for the Sick Room " ; " Enter Thy Closet " ; " Family and Private Prayers " ; " Historical Sketch of Trinity Church " (New York, 1847) ; " Recollections of Departed Friends " (1850) ; " On Communion " ; and " The Sailor's Manual." He also edited the works of Bishop J. H. Hobart, with a memoir (3 vols.. New York, 1833).

BERRIEN, John Macpherson, statesman, b. in New Jersey, 23 Aug., 1781 ; d. in Savannali, Ga., 1 Jan., 1856. He was a son of Maj. John Berrien, who served in the war of independence. He was graduated at Princeton in 1796, was ad- mitted to the bar of Georgia at the age of eighteen, and attained a high reputation as a lawyer. He was solicitor of the eastern dis- trictofGeorgiain 1809, and judge of the same dis- trict from 1810 till 1821 ; served in the Georgia senate in 1822-'3; and was U. S. senator in 1825- '9, and again in 1840-52. He was attorney- genera 1 of the United

States from 1829

till 1831, when he resigned on account of the inharmonious condition of President Jackson's cabinet. In 1844 he was a delegate from Georgia in the convention at Baltimore that nominated Henry Clay for the presidency. He was one of the board of regents of the Smithsonian institute. In January, 1829, he submitted a " protest " against certain measures before congress, backed by a speech, so clear and impressive that the title of " American Cicero " was given him.

BERRIEN, John M., naval officer, b. in Georgia in 1802; d. in Pliiladelphia, 20 Nov., 1883. On receiving his appointment as midshipman he joined the frigate " Constellation," of the West India squadron, in 1827, was subsequently transferred to the frigate " Guerriere," of the Pacific squadron, and then to the sloop " Vincennes." He was promoted to passed midshipman in 1831, and joined the West India squadron, commissioned lieutenant in 1837, and served on various vessels in the Pacific and Brazil stations. In September, 1844, he was ordered to the frigate "Potomac," and in 1847 commanded the schooner '" Bonito " at the capture of the city of Tobasco, Mexico. Lieut. Berrien received his commission as commander, 13 March, 1856, and during 1858-'9 was attached to the navy-yard at Portsmouth, N. H. In February, 1860, he was ordered to Hong-Kong, China, where he took command of the slooji of war "John Adams," was commissioned captain in 1863, and sent to Pittsburg, Pa., as assistant inspector of ordnance at the Fort Pitt Works. He commanded at Norfolk, Va., in 1865, and was lighthouse inspector in 1866-'9. He was commissioned commodore, 20 Sept., 1866, and in December was placed on the retired list.

BERRY, Abraham J., physician, b. in New York city in 1799; d. in Williamsburg (now Brooklyn), 22 Oct., 1865. He was educated as a physician, and at an early age obtained prominence in